Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary system > Control of GFR > Flashcards

Control of GFR Flashcards

1
Q

What is autoregulation of GFR?

A

Refers to intrinsic mechanisms in the kidney that maintain GFR with changes in arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What range of arterial blood pressure does autoregulation of GFR function at?

A

80 - 180mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the mechasnisms of autoregulation of GFR?

A

Myogenic mechanisms

Tubular glomerular feedback

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by myogenic mechanisms?

A

Refers to how the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent
arteriole can contract or relax in response to changes in arterial blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does an increase in arterial blood pressure affect GFR immediately?

A

Increases glomerular hydrostatic pressure

increases GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

With an increase in arterial blood pressure, what does the smooth muscle in the wall of the afferent arteriole detect?

A

Detects stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does the smooth muscle in the wall of the afferent arteriole respond to stretch?

A

Contracts

giving vasoconstriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole affect GFR?

A

Increases resistance to blood flow through afferent arteriole
reduced blood flow through afferent arteriole, glomerular capillary
reduced glomerular hydrostatic pressure
reduced GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does a decrease in arterial blood pressure affect GFR immediately?

A

Decreases glomerular hydrostatic pressure

decreases GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

With a decrease in arterial blood pressure, what does the smooth muscle in the wall of the afferent arteriole detect?

A

Lack of stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the smooth muscle in the wall of the afferent arteriole respond to lack of stretch?

A

Relaxes

giving vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does vasodilation of the afferent arteriole affect GFR?

A

Decreases resistance to blood flow through afferent arteriole
increased blood flow through afferent arteriole, glomerular capillary
increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure
increased GFR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is tubular glomerular feedback?

A

Refers to how the macula densa in the distal convoluted tubule
can affect the state of the afferent and efferent arterioles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do the macula densa cells detect?

A

Detect changes in the concentration of sodium chloride in the distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How do the macula densa cells detect the concentration of sodium chloride in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Based on the activity of the sodium chloride transporter on the apical domain of epithelial cells in the distal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What causes an increase in the concentration of sodium chloride in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Increased GFR

more sodium chloride filtered out of the glomerular capillary into Bowman’s capsule

17
Q

How do the macula densa cells respond to an increase in sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Release adenosine

18
Q

What does adenosine released by the macula densa cells bind to?

A

Binds to A1 receptors in the afferent arteriole

Binds to A2 receptors in the efferent arteriole

19
Q

What does adenosine binding to A1 receptors in the afferent arteriole result in?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in afferent arteriole wall

giving vasoconstriction

20
Q

What does adenosine binding to A2 receptors in the efferent arteriole result in?

A

Releaxation of smooth muscle in efferent arteriole wall

giving vasodilation

21
Q

What causes a decrease in the concentration of sodium chloride in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Decreased GFR

less sodium chloride filtered out of the glomerular capillary into Bowman’s capsule

22
Q

How do the macula densa cells respond to a decrease in sodium chloride concentration in the distal convoluted tubule?

A

Release prostagladins

23
Q

What do prostaglandins released by the macula densa cells do?

A

Give smooth muscle in wall of afferent arteriole to relax

vasodilation of afferent arteriole

24
Q

How do adenosine and prostaglandins released by the macula densa cells reach the afferent and efferent arterioles?

A

Glomerulus is very close to distal convoluted tubule

so the adenosine and prostaglandins only hae to travel a short distance

25
Q

Why is GFR regulated?

A

To prevent changes in arterial blood pressure

giving large changes in the amount of ions, water that are excreted

26
Q

What sort of changes in arterial blood pressure is autoregulation of GFR involved in?

A

Acute short-term changes in blood pressure

27
Q

What innervates the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent and efferent arterioles?

A

Sympathetic nerve fibres

28
Q

What can cause the sympathetic nerve fibres to stimulate the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles?

A

Fight or flight response

Haemorrhage that is severe

29
Q

What does sympathetic stimulation of the smooth muscle in the walls of the afferent arterioles cause?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle
giving vasoconstriction

reduced GFR

30
Q

What is the purpose of the sympathetic stimulation causing vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles?

A

Conserve blood volume

Urinary system (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions