Contraception Flashcards
1
Q
Abstinence
A
- one possible definition of abstinence — not having vaginal intercourse
- the key to using abstinence effectively is to know what abstinence means for you, and communicate this with your partner
2
Q
Condoms
A
only form of contraception for men that protects against STI’s and pregnancy
- A recent study has shown that Alberta has the lowest condom use in all of Canada - 40% of 15-24 yr olds do not use condoms.
3
Q
Male/External Condom
A
- 2 to 12 reported pregnancies / 100 women / year
- Made of latex and polyurethane
- Storage: keep at room temperature, dry place, free of anything that could puncture the package
- Expiry: all condoms have expiry dates, and are good for 5 years from date of manufacture
- Use one male condom for each time
4
Q
Lubricant
A
used to make sex more comfortable, for prevention of STIs, and to help with effectiveness of condoms
- water-based, hemp-based, or silicone-based only when used with latex condoms
- oil-based lube never use & should not be used in vagina
5
Q
Female/Internal Condom
A
- Provides protection against STIs and pregnancy
- Made of polyurethane
- 1-2 reported pregnancies/100 women in a year
- Can be effective against STIs which are transmitted by skin-to-skin contact
- Not to be used with a male condom
- Only use once
6
Q
Dental Dam
A
- used to prevent STIs — used during oral sex
- can be made of polyurethane or latex & can make one out of condoms
7
Q
Emergency Contraceptive Pill (ECP or “morning after pill”)
A
- 95% effective in the first 24 hours & 61% effective taken between 48-72 hours
- Prevents pregnancy in several ways”
- delays the release of an egg
- thickens cervical mucus
- prevents fertilized egg from implanting on uterine wall
8
Q
Hormonal Contraception
A
- hormonal contraception does not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections
- it may not be recommended if you are:
- over 35 years of age and smoke
- have a history of gestational diabetes
- have benign breast disease or a - history of breast cancer
- have liver problems
- have a history of deep vein - thrombosis or embolism
- have high blood pressure
9
Q
Possible Hormonal Side Effects
A
- headache, breast tenderness, mood alteration, decrease in sex drive,
- spotting or breakthrough bleeding, some antibiotics/antacids/other meds may reduce effectiveness
10
Q
Birth Control Pill
A
- Two types of hormones: estrogen and progesterone
- prevents ovulation (releasing of an egg) creates mucus around the cervix so it is harder for sperm to enter the uterus
- 1-2 reported pregnancies/100 women per year
- take one pill at the same time every day for 21 days. take one week off for period
- Cost about 15-20 a month
- Disadvantages: take it everyday, some medications may effect it, no protection against STIs
11
Q
Patch (Evra)
A
- Same hormones as the BC and works the same way but you place on arm, shoulder, buttock, abdomen
- Change patch one a week for three weeks, and take one week off for .
- 1 reported pregnancy / 100 in a year
- Disadvantages: no protection against STIs & side effects
12
Q
Ring (Nuvaring)
A
- some hormones as BC, and patch, and works the same way
- administered vaginally & left in for 21 days w/ 1 week off
- 1-2 reported pregnancies / 100 women in a year
- Cost 20-40
- Disadvantages: if ring is removed and out for more than 2 hours, you will need to use a backup method of BC, such as condoms until the ring has been used for 7 days
no protection against STIs
13
Q
The Shot (Depo-Provera)
A
- Injection administered by doctor every 12 weeks
-
14
Q
Spermicide
A
- Film, Foam, Jellies and Creams
- Made of Nonoxynol-9 (a detergent) — Works by killing sperm
- 3-21 reported pregnancies / 100 women per year — Used with condoms 1-6 pregnancies
Cost 15-20 dollars
Can be used only if not having sex more than once per day
15
Q
Sponge
A
- Barried method: blocks the sperm from getting past the cervix
- Already has spermicide on it
- Remove 6 hours after intercourse (no more than 24 hours)
- Not reusable, but can have sex multiple times with in place
- Cost: 15 to 20 for 3
- 3-28 pregnancies / 100 women per year
16
Q
Cervical Cap
A
- Barrier method — blocks the sperm from getting past the cervix
- Reusable — get fitted and instructed how to properly use by a physician
- Used with spermicide & Remove 6 hours after intercourse
- Cost: 30-45 dollars each
- 5-8 pregnancies / 100 women per year with spermicide
17
Q
Diaphragm
A
- Barrier method — blocks the sperm from getting past the cervix
- Reusable — get fitted and instructed how to properly use by a physician
- Used with spermicide & Remove 6 hours after intercourse
- Cost: 30-45 dollars each
- 3-18 pregnancies / 100 women per year with spermicide
18
Q
IUD — Intrauterine Device
A
- Specially shaped piece of plastic coated with copper
- Copper changes the Ph balance of the uterus making it inhospitable for the egg and sperm
- Inserted and removed by a physician & different varieties are available
- Cost: 60-140 dollars
- 1-6 pregnancies / 100 women per year
19
Q
IUS — Intrauterine System
A
- T-shaped piece of plastic coated with a rod containing progestin and inserted into the uterus
- Hormone stops ovulation, changes uterine lining
- Inserted and removed by a physician
- Brand name: Mirena and Jaydess
- Mirena can be used up to 5 years
- Jaydess can be used up to 3 years
- ## $350
20
Q
Fertility Awareness Method (FAM)
A
- Woman charts her cycle including cervical mucus testing, and basal body temperature to predict ovulation
- The better a woman charts and knows her cycle the better the results
- 2-20 pregnancies / 100 women per year
- Cost: free or price of equipment & 0 side effects
- Must abstain from sex or use alternate form of contraception during fertile phase
21
Q
Vasectomy
A
- the vas deferens is tied and cauterized
- Sperm stops at this point, this stopping sperm from being expelled from penis
- Ejaculate will still look the same
- Performed under local anesthetic in a physician’s office.
- Surgery is usually covered by AB Health
22
Q
Vasalgel
A
- Polymer gel injected into the vas deferens to block sperm from entering the ejaculate
- Can last 10-15 years
- Reversible, fertility return when gel is flushed out of vas deferens
- Not available in North America yet
- Similar to Risug which has been used in India for years
23
Q
Tubal Ligation
A
- Woman’s fallopian tubes are closed (cauterized) or tied off
- Stops ovulation since the egg can no longer travel and be fertilized by sperm
- Performed under general or local anesthetic in a hospital or medical clinic
- Surgery may be covered by AB Health
24
Q
Essure
A
- Silicone insert placed into fallopian tube by doctor, no anesthetic necessary, procedure takes about 10 minutes
- Body generates scar tissue to block tube but ovulation is not disturbed
- Considered effective after 3 months; use a secondary method of birth control until then
- Non reversible
- Expensive: $1100+ per insert; additional clinic or doctor’s fees may apply
25
Q
Withdrawal “Pulling Out”
A
- Male withdrawals his penis before he ejaculates
- Problems — doesn’t pull out in time, doesn’t pull out at all, and…
- Precum can contain sperm, especially if he ejaculated earlier
- Estimated to be about 73% effective.
- Does not protect against STIs
26
Q
Chance — Using No Method At All
A
if no method is all is used… 60 to 85 (out of 100) will get pregnant after one year
27
Q
Male Birth Control
A
- Daily pill to be taken orally, a patch or gel to applied to the skin, injection given every three months, implant placed under the skin every 12 months
- Testosterone and progestins are used to turn off sperm production or prevent full development of gametes
- Side effects: minimal, in some trails reports of sweats or headache, many reporting no side effects at all
- Reversible, no lingering side effects for fertility
28
Q
Abortion
A
- 1 in 4 Canadian women will have at least one abortion in their lifetime
- Vast majority of abortions happen
29
Q
Medication Abortion
A
- Must access under 8 weeks into a pregnancy
- Medication induces a miscarriage
- Miscarriage happens at home
- Medication: methotrexate and misoprostol (cytotec)
- Involves 2-3 visits to clinic
- RU-486 (the abortion pill)
- The clinic expects to have access to it this spring (2016)
- May not be covered by AHC
30
Q
Surgical Abortion
A
- Offered up to 20 weeks into a pregnancy
- Involves 1 visit to clinic if pregnancy is
