Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Gynaecology > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most effective emergency contraception?

A

Copper IUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How long after sex is a copper IUD effective for emergency contraception?

A

120 hours (5 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does the copper IUD work?

A

It prevents implantation as it is toxic to both egg and sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How long can a copper IUD stay in place?

A

Up to 10 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the contraindications to the copper IUD?

A

Up to 28 days postpartum
Repeated history of STIs
Current pelvic infection
Distorted uterus
Abnormal cervix
Unexplained bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the UKMEC criteria?

A

UKMEC1 - no restriction in use
UKMEC2 - benefits outweigh risks
UKMEC3 - risks outweigh benefits
UKMEC4 - absolute contraindication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What contraception should women with breast cancer avoid?

A

Any hormonal contraception
- Copper IUD or barrier methods are best choice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What contraception should women with Wilson’s disease avoid?

A

Copper IUD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What contraception should women with cervical or endometrial cancer avoid?

A

IUS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are diaphragms and cervical caps?

A

Silicone caps that fit across the cervix to prevent semen from entering the uterus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is a diaphragm/cervical cap used?

A

Fitted before sex, and left in for 6 hours after sex
Used alongside spermicide gel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How effective is the COCP?

A

99% with perfect use
91% with typical use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How does the COCP prevent pregnancy?

A

Prevents ovulation (primary method)
Progesterone thickens cervical mucus
Progesterone inhibits proliferation of the endometrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does the COCP prevent ovulation?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone have negative feedback on the release of GnRH from the hypothalamus
In turn, less FH and LSH is released from the anterior pituitary, without which ovulation cannot occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the first line choices of progesterone for the COCP?

A

Levonorgestrel or norethisterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why are levonorgestrel and norethisterone the first line choices of progesterone?

A

They have a lower VTE risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the first line COCP for PMS?

A

Yasmin - containing drospirenone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which is the first line COCP for acne and hirtruism?

A

Dianette - containing cyprotenone acetate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the three regimes for COCP use?

A

21 days on, 7 days off
63 days on, 7 days off
Continuous use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the common side effects of the COCP?

A

Unscheduled bleeding in first 3 months
Breast pain and tenderness
Mood changes and depression
Headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the risks of the COCP?

A

Hypertension
Small increase in risk of breast cancer, and cervical cancer
VTE
Small risk of MI and stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the contraindications to the COCP?

A

Over 35 and smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day
Migraine with aura
History of VTE
Uncontrolled hypertension
Ishcaemic heart disease
History of vascular disease or stroke
Liver cirrhosis
SLE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What extra protection is required when starting the COCP?

A

Up to day 5 - no extra protection required
Day 5 onwards - condoms for the first 7 days of pill taking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What extra protection is required in the case of a missed pill?

A

If it is less than 72 hours since the last pill taken:
- Take the missed pill as soon as possible
- No extra action requried

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What extra protection is required in the case of more than 1 missed pill?
Take the missed pill as soon as possible Additional contraception needed for 7 days Day 1-7 of packet - emergency contraception needed Day 8-14 - no emergency contraception needed Day 15-21 - no emergency contraception required, but skip 7 day pill free period
26
Can the COCP be used during a major operation?
No - the COCP should be stopped 4 weeks before a major operation
27
What is the only absolute contraindication to the POP?
Breast cancer
28
What are the two types of POP?
Traditional POP Desogestrel only pill
29
What is the time window for taking the traditional POP?
3 hours
30
What is the time window for taking the desogestrel only pill?
12 hours
31
What is the mechanism of action of the traditional POP?
Inhibits proliferation of the endometrium Thickens cervical mucus Reduces ciliary action in the fallopian tubes
32
What is the mechanism of action of the desogestrel only pill?
Inhibits ovulation Inhibits proliferation of the endometrium Thickens cervical mucus Reduces ciliary action in the fallopian tubes
33
What extra protection is needed when starting the POP?
No extra protection needed if started on days 1-5 Day 6 onwards - additional contraception required for 48 hours
34
What are the side effects of the POP?
Unscheduled bleeding during first three months Breast tenderness Headaches Acne
35
What are the risks of the POP?
Increased risk of ovarian cysts Risk of ectopic pregnancy with traditional POP Increased risk of breast cancer
36
What extra protection is required in the case of a missed POP pill?
Take the missed pill as soon as possible Use additional contraception for the next 48 hours
37
How often is the progestogen-only injection given?
Every 12 to 13 weeks
38
How long can it take for fertility to return after stopping the progestogen-only injection?
12 months
39
What are the two types of progestogen-only injection given in the UK?
Depo-provera - IM injection Sayana Press - self administered SC injection
40
What are UKMEC3 contraindications to the POP?
Ischaemic heart disease and stroke Liver disease Unexplained vaginal bleeding
41
What is the main mechanism of action of the depo injection?
Inhibits ovulation (also works by inhibiting proliferation of the endometrium and thickening cervical mucus)
42
When is extra protection required when starting the depo injection?
No extra protection required before day 5 After day 5 - additional protection required for 7 days
43
What are the side effects of the depo injection?
Weight gain Acne Reduced libido Mood changes Headaches Flushes Hair loss Skin reactions at injection sites
44
What is the most important side effect of the depo injection?
Reduced bone mineral density
45
What is the progestogen only implant?
A small 4cm plastic rod that is inserted underneath the skin, above the subcutaneous fat
46
How long does the implant last for?
3 years
47
What is the only UKMEC4 criteria for the implant?
Active breast cancer
48
How does the implant work?
Inhibits ovulation Makes the endometrium less accepting of implantation Thickens cervical mucus
49
What are the two types of coils?
IUD - copper containing coil IUS - levenorgestrel containing coil
50
What are the contraindications to the coil?
PID Immunosuppression Pregnancy Unexplained bleeding Pelvic cancer Distortion of the uterus by fibroids
51
What are the risks relating to insertion of the coil?
Bleeding Pain on insertion Vasovagal reactions Uterine perforation PID Expulsion
52
How long can an IUD remain in place?
5-10 years
53
How does the IUD work?
Copper is toxic to ova and sperm Also makes the endometrium less accepting of implantation
54
When is the copper coil contraindicated?
In wilson's disease
55
What are the types of IUS and how long can they be used for?
Mirena - 5 years Levosert - 5 years Kyleena - 5 years Jaydess - 3 years
56
What other uses is the mirena coil licensed for?
Contraception, menorrhagia and HRT
57
What other uses is the levosert coil licensed for?
Contraception and menorrhagia
58
How does the IUS work?
Thickens cervical mucus Makes the endometrium less accepting of implantation Inhibits ovulation in some women
59
What are the side effects of the IUS?
Can cause spotting or irregular bleeding Pelvic pain Acne Headaches Breast tenderness
60
What are the risks of the IUS?
Ectopic pregnancies Ovarian cysts
61
What are the three types of emergency contraception?
Copper IUD Levonorgestrel (Levonelle) Ulipristal acetate (EllaOne)
62
When can levonelle be taken?
Within 72 hours of unprotected sex
63
When can EllaOne be taken?
Within 120 hours of unprotected sex
64
What is the most effective form of emergency contraception?
Copper IUD
65
What are the side effects of levonelle?
Nausea and vomiting Spotting and changes to the next menstrual period Diarrhoea Breast tenderness Dizziness Depressed mood
66
What are the side effects of EllaOne?
Nausea and vomiting Spotting and changes to the next menstrual period Back pain Mood changes Headache Dizziness Breast tenderness
67
What is the Pearl Index?
The number of pregnancies that would be seen if 100 women used that form of contraception for one year
68
At what age should a woman stop taking the COCP?
50 years
69
When can the mirena coil or IUD be inserted after childbirth?
Within 48 hours of childbirth or after 4 weeks
70
When can the COCP be started after childbirth?
After 21 days or After 6 weeks if breastfeeding
71
When can the progesterone only pill be started after childbirth?
Can be started at any time
72
When can patients be given the copper IUD after 5 days post intercourse?
If the patient is up to 5 days after their earliest ovulation date
73
When after childbirth is contraception needed?
After 21 days postpartum

Gynaecology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions