Contemporary studies Flashcards
What is deviance?
Unnacceptable behaviour within a culture
What is ethics?
Rules that dictate an individuals conduct
What are 4 illegal Performance enhancing drugs
- Anabloic steroids
- Blood doping
- Stimulants
- Beta blockers
What are anabolic steroids (Sport it may be used for)
Increase muscle mass and strength. (weightlifting)
What is blood doping (Sport it may be used for)
The injection of oxygenated blood into an athlete before an event. Increases aerobic capacity. (Cycling)
What are Stimulants (Sport it may be used for)
Directly affect the central nervous system. Work to speed up parts of the brain and body. (100m sprinter)
What are Beta Blokcers (Sport it may be used for)
Slow your heart rate. Ensure that you are calm. (Archery)
Why may a performer use performance enhancing drugs?
- Win at all costs mentality
- Pressure to succed for financial reward
- Improve physical condition to gain advantage
- Media pressure
Consequences/implications to society (PED’s)
- Creates negative role models
- Undermines value to society as part of a healthy lifestyle
Consequences/implications to sport (PED’s)
- Loss of public support
- Damage reputation of sport
- Concept of fair play is lost
Consequences/implications to performers (PED’s)
- Loss of sponsorship
- Loss of cerdibility
- Damage their reputation, loss of respect
Consequences of using drugs in sport
- Disqualification
- Poor role modelling
- False results or records
- Danger to body or health
- Accusations that clean athletes are cheats
Strategies to stop the use of illegal drugs and doping
- World anti doping agency (WADA)
- Drug testing carried out in and out of season
- Punishments for drugs (bans)
Why have sports been unable to stop the use of PED’s?
- Win at all costs attitude remains
- Some see sanctions as to lenient
- Athletes believe others are using them and want to level the playing field
- Athletes can miss 2 tests without punishment
Why are spectators violent at sports events?
- Alcohol/social drugs
- Frustration (frustration with result or performance of team)
- Importance of event. eg. derby day
- Ritual (hooliganism)
Why are players violent during sports events?
- Anger/Frustration: with result or match officials
- Rivalry: local derby
- Cheating or rulebreaking: Diving or bad tackle
- Importance of result:pressure to win. eg. world cup final
Implications to society (violence)
- Sports performers are role models so violence in elite sport may be copied
- Violent behaviour by performers can lead to violence amongst spectators
- Violence in sport can put parents off letting their children participate
Define match fixing
When a sports comptetition is played to a completely or partly pre-determined result
An example of when match fixing has happened
Hansie Cronje in cricket
Why is gambling becoming such a problem in modern day sport?
- Deviance: Increased liklehood of match fixing
- Access: Access to online betting makes it easier to get involved
- Society: Can lead to addiction or debt
- Illegality: Rise in illegal betting
Define Spot fixing
When a specific aspect of a sport competition is illegally pre-determined
Define Bribery
The act of giving or recieving something of value in exchange for some kind of influence or action in return
