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Psych 101 > Consciousness > Flashcards

Consciousness Flashcards

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1
Q

____________ refers to the subjective awareness of percepts, thoughts, feelings and ________

A
  • consciousness

- behaviour

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2
Q

The two functions performed by consciousness include __________ the self and environment and __________ thought and behaviour

A
  • monitoring

- controlling

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3
Q

Focussing awareness is called _________. This provides heightened sensitivity to a limited range of experience requiring more extensive information processing

A

-attention

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4
Q

_______________ is splitting attention between two or more stimuli or tasks

A

-divided attention

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5
Q

the flow of _________ is studied through experience-sampling techniques, such as __________ studies.

A
  • consciousness

- beeper

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6
Q

Consciousness can be influenced by ______ practices and beliefs. These influence subjective _________ such as experience of time and forces on internal psychological states

A
  • cultural

- awareness

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7
Q

Sigmund Freud believed in 3 levels of consciousness processes: conscious, ______________ and unconscious processes

A

-preconscious

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8
Q

Conscious mental processes are are the centre of _______________. Preconscious mental processes are not presently conscious but could become so at any time. _______ are thoughts, feelings and memories that are inaccessible to consciousness because they are threatening

A
  • subjective awareness

- unconscious processes

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9
Q

The ______________ unconscious refers to information processing that occurs outside of awareness

A

cognitive

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10
Q

Cognitive theorists argue that consciousness is a mechanism for solving problems that _______ processes cannot optimally solve

A

automatic

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11
Q

The hindbrain and _____________ structures, especially the reticular formation, play an important role in ___________ wakefulness and arousal

A
  • midbrain

- regulating

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12
Q

Consciousness appears to be distributed across a number of neural pathways, involving a ________ running through many parts of the brain including the reticular formation, the _________, the cortex and the midbrain

A
  • circuit

- thalamus

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13
Q

Our sleep-wake cycle is a _________ rhythm, and evolved around the daily cycles of light and dark

A

-Circadian

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14
Q

Most _______ occurs during REM sleep, but it does occur during deep sleep

A

-dreaming

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15
Q

Freud thought dreams had _________ content, or underlying meaning. He also believed they had a storyline, or __________ content

A
  • latent

- manifest

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16
Q

To Freud, latent content showed wishes in the __________ state, but modern psychodynamic theorists believe it is wishes, fears and concerns that underlie dreams

A

-unconscious

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17
Q

Cognitive theorists believe dreams express _________ and current concerns in a distinct language

A

-thoughts

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18
Q

Biological theorists posit that dreams have no meaning, they are simply the ___________ firing of neutrons that the brain attempts to make sense of. This is the Activation-Synthesis Theory

A

-random

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19
Q

Other theorists believe that dreaming plays a role in ________ consolidation

A

-memory

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20
Q

Altered states of ___________ occur when the regular perception, thinking processes and feelings are changed

A

-consciousness

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21
Q

__________ is an altered state of consciousness that occurs when someone ____________ consciousness to a single thought, or expands it to focus on stimuli we don’t normally notice (focussed attention or open monitoring)

A
  • meditation

- narrows

22
Q

Hypnosis is characterised by deep __________ and ________. While this appears to be an altered state, it can sometimes occur under other conditions

A
  • relaxation

- suggestibility

23
Q

___________ experiences can give people a sense of oneness with nature, others and the _______. It can help to break down barriers between self and non-self

A
  • Religious

- supernatural

24
Q

____________ substances act on the ___________ system to alter patterns of perception, thought and feelings. They come in 3 categories: __________, depressants and hallucinogens

A
  • Psychoactive
  • nervous system
  • stimulants
25
Q

Stimulants increase _______, energy and autonomic activity e.g. caffeine

A

-alertness

26
Q

__________ slow down the nervous system, e.g. alcohol

A

-depressants

27
Q

Hallucinogens create hallucinations, where sensations and perceptions occur without ________ stimuli e.g. marijuana, giving a sense of being ‘high’

A

-external stimuli

28
Q

Psychoactive substances alter physiology by facilitating or _________ neural transmission at the synapse, and psychologically through expectations shaped by cultural beliefs

A

-inhibiting

29
Q

Three theories of sleep include the restoration model (replenish body, restore), the _________________ model (saves energy) and Brain Plasticity and Memory consolidation models (sleep allows info from day to be consolidated)

A

-Energy conservation model

30
Q

When one is awake and also during REM sleep, Beta waves, of low ________ and high _________ are present in the brain

A
  • voltage

- frequency

31
Q

REM sleep ____________ with age

A

-decreases

32
Q

Wakefulness and _____________ are the two major factors determining states of consciousness

A

-awareness

33
Q

Sleep disorder affect more than ____ percent of the population

A

-10%

34
Q

____________ is characterised by difficulty falling asleep, going back to sleep and waking too early. Generally feel like they don’t get enough sleep. More common in __________

A
  • insomnia

- women

35
Q

Insomnia can result in __________ fatigue, irritability, anxiety, impaired _______ and drowsiness

A
  • daytime

- concentration

36
Q

Sleep Apnea is often undiagnosed. _____ of the population is affected by this

A

-40%

37
Q

During _______________, sufferers have long intervals between breathes
diagnosis occurs by using a sleep study

A

-sleep apnea

38
Q

those who are _________ are more likely to have sleep apnea

A

-overweight

39
Q

____________ can be a sign of sleep impairment and sleep apnea

A

-snoring

40
Q

Narcolepsy is where sufferers can ______ asleep at any time during the day
Their transferral from wakefulness into REM sleep happens almost immediately

A

-fall

41
Q

______________ include behaviours that occur inappropriately during sleep, like bed wetting, ________ and sleep walking/talking

A
  • parasomnias

- night terrors

42
Q

Dreams are nearly always from a __________ perspective

A

-first person

43
Q

Freud’s _____________ theory of dreaming thought it to be for wish fulfilment and had underlying content and meaning

A

-psychoanalytic

44
Q

___________ approaches think dreams allow for creative thinking as logic and reality cannot impair dreams

A

-Cognitive

45
Q

Opiates and depressants are drugs which lessen _______ and give a sense of euphoria and relaxation. They’re dependence inducing and _________.

A
  • inhibitions

- addictive

46
Q

Stimulants, like ___________, and cocaine, increase dopamine, increase ______ levels and give a sense of euphoria. They’re addictive

A
  • amphetamines

- energy

47
Q

______________ like LSD and psilocybin increase sensory awareness and serotonin levels

A

Hallucinogens

48
Q

The ‘love drug’ or _______ can damage nerve terminals and is a common dance party drug

A

-ectasy/MDMA

49
Q

Cannabis/marijuana/hashish is a mild __________ and helps to ______ users. It heightens sensory experiences and distorts perception

A
  • hallucinogen

- relax

50
Q

Tolerance to a drug, ____________ and environmental cues influence drug use and affects

A

-addiction/dependence

51
Q

Drugs cause three main risks including _______, tissue damage and health-impairing behaviour (indirect)

A

-overdose

52
Q

Synergist drugs (sedatives, narcotics and alcohol) have the greatest risk of _______. CNS depressants and stimulants also carry great health ______

A
  • overdose

- risks

Psych 101 (10 decks)

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