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FRST 211 > CONS module 4 > Flashcards

CONS module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what are some probs with hab loss

A

political agreement of what is loss
harder to detect in low degraded areas
controversial to count commercialluy managed land as loss
habitat recovery not accounted for in loss calcs

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2
Q

what helps decrease errors in hab loss

A

new tech and comparison btw data sets

remote sensing

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3
Q

fragmentation

A

frag: means transformation of lare cont habitat into smaller peices (coincides with hab loss, larger driver when little hab remaining)

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4
Q

ecoloical effects of hab frag

A

increases: pop isolation, generalist species, edge tolerant species, non-native species, invasive species, nest pred, extinction
decrease: dispersal-limited, specialist, rare, interior, distrubance-averse

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5
Q

disporportionate impact

A

loss of keystone species

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6
Q

frag vs loss

A

frag is division of area

loss is no more existing

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7
Q

impacts of frag

A

species loss: varies depends on how many frags

species richness decline is depend on how much hab is left

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8
Q

configuration

A

imp for frag
shape and distubution, matters at inermediat levels,
not random: roads, ppl

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9
Q

patch size and shape

A

decrease patch size
increase edge effect
increase isolation

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10
Q

patch

A

larger habitat have greater diversity of microclimates, habs, refugia, larger pop of prey and food
species area curve

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11
Q

shape and complexity

A

smaller more fragged, ratio perimiter to area changes are not linear
shape really impacts diversity

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12
Q

ciruclar shapes

A

have more core habitat

edge is harder so this is better

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13
Q

edge

A

transition zone from habitat to degraded areas (distrubed roads), ecotones

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14
Q

edge effects

A

micrclimate, ecology, long term, implications to planning

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15
Q

microclimate at edge

A

air adn soil temps higher
light quality high
humidity lower
perferations changes (how far extend into forest)

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16
Q

ecological impacts of edge

A

invasive species that succeed here can be problem

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17
Q

long term effets of edge

A

intensity of edge altered by: age, number of nearby edged, adjacent habts, cont disturbance

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18
Q

implication to planning bc of edge

A

have to plan for sensitivity, need lots of info

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19
Q

what happens as patches get more isolated

A 
get less dispersal
fewer colonization
reduced gene flow
migration disruption
barrier to range expansion
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20
Q

two major facotrs of patch

A 
landscape configureation ( shape, placement, distance btw)
quality and type
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21
Q

IBT

A

Island biogeography theory
macarther and wilon in 67
examined isands and diversity on them
larger and smaller and distances btw them

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22
Q

in IBT what happens when number of species present increase

A

succesful colonization decreases
competition is high for space and resources
extinction of established species increases

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23
Q

where find estimated number of species

A

equilibrium point btw colonization and extinction

24
Q

assumptions of IBT

A

only think about colon and extinc
no evolution
not good long term

25
Q

colonization

A

moving from one island to another

closer is to source is higher rate

26
Q

extinciton

A

locally on island

larger have lower rates

27
Q

Closer and larger

A

higher colon, lower extinct

28
Q

closer and smaller

A

higher colon, higher extinct

29
Q

further and larger

A

lower colon, lower extinct

30
Q

further and smaller

A

lower colon, higher extinct

WORST

31
Q

what is population

A
  1. same species
  2. indivs interact with eachother
  3. genetic mixing can occur without barriers
32
Q

why small pops less ideal

A

higher extinct rate
stochasticity
demographic facotrs
genetic factors (inbreeding)

33
Q

metapop

A

collection of smaller sub pops that are partially independent of eachother
populaiton of population across landscape

34
Q

levins model

A

basic model
incoorperates info on patches being either occupied or unoccupied
simple

35
Q

source sink model

A

more info, patch quality, migration btw (from source to sink)

36
Q

landscape model

A

most complex

extensive knowldeg about landscape, organism move, persistance adn ecology

37
Q

two things small pops impacted by

A

rescue and allee

38
Q

rescue

A

concerned with dispersal capabilities of small pops
alleviation of inbreeding, prevent local extinction cant be mitigaed by immigration
currently in CDA at risk estimates

39
Q

Alllee

A

Concerned with demographics
disconnected pops show this
low density pops have lower lambda

40
Q

continous pop vs meta

A

look for morph difference

genetic fingerprinting to see who is interbreeeding

41
Q

local scale

A

indivs move and interact with other idivs regulary adn conts

42
Q

metapop scale

A

indivs move frequently from one pop to another

risk of failure to relocate

43
Q

geographical scale

A

indivs typically have no possibility of moving to majority of range
balsam poplar

44
Q

advantages to cont pop

A

more gene flow
decrease allee effect
decrease inbreeding depression

45
Q

5 assumps of levins model

A 
number of habitat patches is large
patches are equal dist appart
patches are identical in quality
occupied or not
only local colon and extinct matter
46
Q

how ratio of occupied patches in levins model inform conservation efforts

A

critical habitat expansion
insure areas prtected
need lots of data (longitme)
all goes to reserve planning

47
Q

limits to presence absence

A

temporal variation missed
dont get habitat variability
hard to incoperate all variables impacting a speceis

48
Q

advantages to presence absence data

A

simple
low cost
big picture
see interaction (predator prey)

49
Q

beyond patch occupation, what should meta studies measure?

A

connectivity
patch distances
quality

50
Q

small pop demographics

A

slip into vortex, need human intervention
behaviours, some are hardwired to colonize or disperse
inbreeding depression
resuce effect (move indivs from one sub pop to risk one)

51
Q

ethical issues of rescue

A

move oneinto already existing colonies: are you harming the one your putting it in or the one your taking it our of

52
Q

quality

A

imp, edge and core
source sink model
greater hab but too many indivs too
not all hab is equal value to all species

53
Q

patch distribution

A

spaces btw patches
physical arrangement
matrix of surrounding habs acting as filter to dispersal

54
Q

reintroduction

A

already was there putting back

55
Q

assisted migration

A

helping range expansion, moving to new place cuz old is no longer good (CC)

56
Q

introduction

A

put in new area

wasnt there before

FRST 211 (8 decks)

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