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FRST 211 > CONS 330 Module 2 > Flashcards

CONS 330 Module 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Name types of indicator species

A

flagship, umbrella keystone, dispersal-limited

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2
Q

flaghsip

A

symbol for campaigns
large and charasmatic
conserve larger area and therofre prtect smaller ones too
may not acraully be good speices, not based in science

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3
Q

umbrella

A

ecological grounding with physical delineation of habitat
habitat required is same as many others
good in extensive ecosystems
can do small too (whiteabrk pine)

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4
Q

Keystone

A

more recent focus
disproportionate effect on ecysystem functioning compared o abundance/biomass
top predators
hard to find evidence for unclear definition

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5
Q

dispersal-limited

A

movemeent cpability if speices
patchy habitat
conserved to point where species are protected with mobile links
high moratalitiy rate because try to move

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6
Q

diff btw flag and umbrella

A

flag is not based in science more media based

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7
Q

example of keystone

A

otters

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8
Q

ecosystem engineers

A

type of keystone

making new habitats and niches as live (more diversity), beavers as ex

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9
Q

management challanges with dispersal-limited

A

remote areas, humans used areas, endinism so cant move speices somewhere else

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10
Q

ecological indicator

A

measure or index of measures that characterize something about ecosystem (doesnt have to be species)

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11
Q

examples of what could be ecological indicator

A

structure: geneteic, population, habitat, lnadscape
compsition: genes, species, pops, comms, landscapes
Function: genetics, lifehistory, ecosys, landscape disturbance processes

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12
Q

why are those all good ecological indicators

A

all measureable, evidence

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13
Q

2 reasons conservation managers pick speices

A
  1. presence and fluctuations are beleifed to reflect other species in community
  2. believed to reflect chem/phys changes in enviorn (stress or disturance)
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14
Q

6 features of indicator species

A
  1. rapid response to stressor
  2. high signal to noise ratio
  3. historic data
  4. specificity to response to stressor
  5. ease and economic monitoring
  6. relevant to ecosystem endpoints
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15
Q
  1. rapid response to stressor
A

biological and demo of speices show delayed response (dont want)
or maturity of offspring issnt fast hard pattern to see
extinction debt

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16
Q

extinciton debt

A

speices fine after disturbance but then all of sudden crash
dont signal problem until crash
apes and chimps have large one rn

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17
Q
  1. high singal to noise ratio
A

high signal, no noise
if has lots of variation hard to know if from noise or not (hard trend)
can increase or decrease

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18
Q
  1. historic data base
A

helps iwth sginal and noise
want large time
bigger scales for trends

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19
Q
  1. specificity of response to stressor
A

limiting factor is good
impacton pop size and linked to growth
stressor if not limiting, then only indirect and hard to find results

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20
Q

how to test if stressor is limting

A

controlled environ

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21
Q

FINISH 5 AND 6??

A

WHAT

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22
Q

critique of choosing single species as indicaotr

A

hard for one species to refelct entire community

influences at other levels are vague, bias resutls

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23
Q

critique of aquatic indicaotrs

A

studies found have weak predictive value

not consistant with biod hotspots

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24
Q

NEED TO KNOW

A

indicators need to refeltc soemthing about ecosystem
identify key criteria to be evaluated to select
limitations of them

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25
Q

reasons for endangerment

A 
habitat loss
habitat change
rare to begin with (high suseptibility)
at the range limits
stochastic fluctuations (landsilides ect)
competition with invasive species
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26
Q

competition with invasive species

A

change ecosystem function and outcompete native species

changin funciton then its a problem

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27
Q

can native species be invasive

A

yes, bard owl, outcompetting spotted owl

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28
Q

how to declare endangerment

A

four R’s

  1. examine growth rate
  2. examin current and hist. records adn range and habitat use
  3. diagnose threat risks
  4. consider ecological relationships with other species
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29
Q

1/ rate

A

population viability ananlysis (PVA)
looks at pop grwth rate considering: size, allee effect, pop variability, history
used for: mangement targest, modelling

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30
Q

why consider small pops

A

vulnerable tp demographic effects

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31
Q

waht is allee effects

A 
low density pops have slower intrinsic rates tahn higher density
behavioural effect (stress means smaller size)and lose hetergeniety
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32
Q
  1. RANGE
A

two geographic factos ( extent of habitat and occupancy of habitat)
historical records see where disapearnce is (center or extremities)
four loss criteria (short term, total hist, ongoing, ver small)

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33
Q

extent habitat vs occupancy

A

potential vs actual

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34
Q

RISK

A

examin and quantify threats
identify, increasing with time, present on entire range?
severity FINSIH

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35
Q
  1. relationships
A

speices may bcom endangered bc other species has critical interaction with them has become endangered

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36
Q

what addresses political and geographical risks

A

BC conservation framwork

lots f work and money on idea they are rare geographicallly (rare in cda)

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37
Q

lag of reports

A

decasde in cda

10 years before IUCN declartion

38
Q

what works to protect endangered speices

A

CITES

convention on international trade of endangered species of Wild Fauna and Flora

39
Q

CITES

challanges

A

voluntary UN programme
enforcing hard, not enough effort
info on how to determine endangered not avail in every country

40
Q

WAPPRIITA

A

federal cdn laws
environement and CC cda enforces
cdn border servies agency
food one as well

41
Q

Contreversy adn Chagne

A

UICN guidelines suggest re-consider trophy-hunting restrictions
local benefit, local incentice,

42
Q

Federal level species acts

A

2004: species at risk act
SARA
pr3event loss and be record of endang and threatened
commitee on staturs in cda is COSEWIC

43
Q

Provincial level for at risk

A

WA (wildlife act)
enforcement of SARA for some species
minstry of CC and environ

44
Q

what falls under fed

A

Fisheries and Oceans

parks

45
Q

what falls under provincial

A

CDC (conservation data center)

federally funded

46
Q

main commitee in cda

A

COSEWIC

47
Q

COSEWICE

A

has fed and prov academic scientists

48
Q

COSEWIC process

A

candidate species
draft status report
designate level (minister of environ has final say)
recovery strat commissioned

49
Q

how candidate species suggested

A

anyone can
usually prov bioloigists
reviewed by taxonimics sub-committee

50
Q

how draft status pickedq

A

bid on by contractors, govt, bios

51
Q

who makes recoverey strat

A

provincial

biologists usually

52
Q

endangered species process

A

which govt agency take leads depends on

  1. organism
  2. location
53
Q

two examplts of not prov lead

A

fish for FoC

location of park like Banff

54
Q

how is recovery strategy drafted

A

govt or contractors
coplex need local info too
passed to recovery team (back and forth with recommends)
Goal: delineate threats, resotration

55
Q

what comes after drafe

A

if species is serious enough concern get action plan

56
Q

action plan

A

VERY specific

57
Q

management plan

A

very specific, but used when mangement not only abatement of activites

58
Q

how long dev or start recovery stategey

A

within 18 months

59
Q

most promblematic part of SARA

A

timeline and deadlines not met

60
Q

timeline of sara

A

candidate to status report : 2-3 yrs
status report to recovery strat: 2 yrs
Recovery to plan: 2 yrrs
TOTAL 5-6 YRS

61
Q

angencies

A

look at notes drawing

62
Q

should we have prv species at risk act??

A

most land is prov durisdiction and cant do antyhign on it
ottowa is so far how do they know
specific biomes out here that need specific actiona nd attention

63
Q

bias inlisting in cda

A

fish, IUCn has big list we dont

fungi: IUCN has bunch we have ZERO

64
Q

Critiques of species at risk in cda

A 
limited scope of enforcement
lead agency has bias
need increased search effort
need reassessment
failure to act/protect
has socioeconomic influence
exclusionof indiegenout rights
65
Q

limited scope

A

only to federal and crown land (1% BC)

things that protect BC land are acts and parks, WA but all made for economic reasons not species at risk

66
Q

Lead Agency

A

FOC: strong bias to not list species because upset fishing community and industry
gets to decide what is included in doc, 56 of 221 have critical habitat (need this for action) FOC ommits crit hab

67
Q

need more search efforst

A

need money
past surveys dont include right habitats (lookingiin wrong plave)
if search goes up then review leads to reduced risk status

68
Q

reassessment

A

supposed to be yearly for endagnered

69
Q

failure to protect

A

orcas
always in media
showing how bad we are

70
Q

Socieoeconomic factors

A

allowed in process
not in states (shldnt be), IUCN doesnt allow either
still see them as resources

71
Q

Indigenous Rights

A

no harvest if endagnered
not even if wont harm
traditional hunting is also selling not just substance
Heilstuk example

72
Q

ESA

A

usa species at risk laws and policies

73
Q

esa vs sara

A

no economic

more dealines met

74
Q

things cda part of

A 
Migratory bird treaty (with states)
polar bear range states actionplan
UNEP
FAO
IUCN (slower but partake)
75
Q

limits found in COSEWIC

A

economic
animals up N for harvesting less likely to be listed
deadlines not met
ones with less info get less effort

76
Q

what does fully recovered mean

A

move to ‘not at risk’ category

77
Q

Taylor checkered spot butterfly

A

not seen for 4 years (ectrapated)
then rediscovered on denman island, neighbour island to other place lived
citizen with phone

78
Q

oregon Forest Snails

A

habitat not include open meadows
ppl looking in wrong places
need mroe search effort

79
Q

why search efforst so important

A 
finds habitat to protect
public knowledge increase and reports
protection increase
rewrite definitons
cahgne in status
80
Q

what threatens status change action

A

funding cuts

81
Q

ATK

A

old term for aboriginal traditional knowledge

82
Q

TEK

A

current term for traditional ecological knowledge
brought into discussion after status decided
fix this, especially after UNDRIP

83
Q

how define appropriate consulttion

A

so hard to define
need aj clearer definition
RACISM IS EMBEDDED

84
Q

Heiltsuk Bella Bella

A

demanded herring fishery closed

happened, landmark case and now joint management plan

85
Q

etuaptmumk

A

withone eye indigenout
with one eye wester
both together
mi’kmaq term

86
Q

Safety net in SARA

A

provincial fails to meet duty, fed stpes in

87
Q

why make this happen

A

prov bio want this because not working well, wants mroe money, wants more happening

88
Q

can you trigger safety net without recovery plan?

A

harder bc usaully tirggered based off not meeting plan requiremtns
can trigger emergency status report revision

89
Q

HArper

A

biologist not allowed to speak even on old published papers

woul dhave others do it for them

90
Q

problem with BC own act

A

would double the administrative work

already so bogged down

91
Q

prioritization

A 
huge thing so hard to know
cant do ti all dont have unlimited money
what to conserve
how much compensation for opp cots
waht ar ebest ways

FRST 211 (8 decks)

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