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Anatomy > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

What is connective tissue?

A

Characterized by large amounts of intracellular substance with very few cells

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2
Q

Connective tissue consists of…

A
  • cells
  • extracellular fibers
  • ground substance
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3
Q

What are the 3 types of connective tissue?

A
  • embryonic connective tissue
  • connective tissue proper
  • specialized connective tissue
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4
Q

What are the types of embryonic connective tissue ?

A
  • mesenchyme

- mucus

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5
Q

What are the types of connective tissue proper?

A

Loose connective tissue

Dense connective tissue
-irregular

-regular

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6
Q

What are the types of specialized connective tissue ?

A

Adipose tissue

Blood

Bone

Cartilage

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7
Q

What are loose (areolar) connective tissue ?

A
  • Contains more cells than collagen fibers
  • Located in mucosa and submucosa of various organs
  • Surrounds:
  • muscles
  • nerves
  • blood vessels
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8
Q

Describe connective tissue proper

A

-dense connective tissue

  • contains more collagen fibers than cells
    • regular dense connective

Tissue
-collagen fibers are preferentially oriented

  • regular dense connective tissue
    • collagen fibers
      • randomly oriented
  • reticular fibers
  • found in dermis of skin
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9
Q

Where are connected tissue proper found?

A
  • Tendons
  • ligaments
  • cornea
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10
Q

What are the most abundant fibers of connective tissue?

A

Collagen fibers

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11
Q

How does collagen fibers appear?

A

Appear wavy
-variable width

-intermediate length

Stain easily with Eosin (Acid dye)

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12
Q

What are the functions of reticular fibers?

A

Supporting framework for cellular constituents of tissue & organs

Form supporting stroma in hemopoietic and lymphatic tissues (not thymus)

In these cases: fibers surround the cells and isolate them

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13
Q

What are reticular fibers?

A

-closely related to collagen

  • composed of type III collagen
    • Also may have some type IV collagen

Fibers are about 20 nm diameter

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14
Q

What are the function elastic fibers?

A

Enable tissues to stretch and distend

Prevents tearing

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15
Q

What are elastic fibers ?

A

Elastic fibers are thinner than collagen

-In large amounts, give a yellowish color to tissues

-fibers are interwoven with collagen
Prevents tearing

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16
Q

What are the functions of ground substance?

A

“Glue”- binds cells to fibers

“Lubricant” - allows ease of motion (pathway for cell migration)

“Barrier” - physical prevention of bacteria and microorganisms

Tissue tensile strength

17
Q

What is ground substance?

A

-occupies the space between cells and fibers

  • clear, viscous substance
    • high water content
  • Appears amorphous in light micrographs
    • stains with PAS stain
    • always lost in H &E preps

Consists largely of:

  • Proteoglycans
  • Hyaluronic acid
18
Q

Types of cells and their numbers reflect their…

A

Functional activity

19
Q

Connective tissue cells are classified as:

A
  • Fixed

- Wandering

20
Q

What are the functions of fibroblasts ?

A

Principal cell of connective tissue
-Main cell involved in wound repair

Synthesize
-collagen

  • elastin
  • reticular fibers
  • complex carbohydrates of ground substance
21
Q

Describe macrophages

A
  • possess a large indented or kidney-shaped nucleus
  • ingestion and degradation of foreign matter
  • Stimulation of the immune response by immune presentation
  • fixed and wandering
22
Q

Where are macrophages derived from?

A

Derived from monocytes in the bone marrow

23
Q

Macrophages are difficult to identify unless…

A

They display obvious phagocytosis

24
Q

What are mast cells?

A
  • Oval, cytoplasm filled with basophilic granules

- Storage of chemical mediators of inflammatory response

25
Q

Mast cells are distributed mainly in

A
  • area of small blood vessels.
  • capsules of organs
  • within organs near vessels
26
Q

Where are mast cells absent from and why?

A

Absent from brain and spinal cord

-protects them from damage due to edema and allergic reactions

27
Q

What are adipose cells?

A

Specialized to store fat

Differentiate from:

  • fibroblasts
  • mesenchymal cells
  • occur singly or in groups
  • brown or white
28
Q

Lymphocytes exist in two functional cell types:

A

T lymphocytes- cell-mediated immunity

B lymphocytes- production of antibodies

29
Q

What do B lymphocytes produce?

A

In the presence of antigens, B lymphocytes divide to produce:

  • more B lymphocytes
  • large clones of cells that mature into PLASMA CELLS
30
Q

What are plasma cells?

A

Derived from B lymphocytes

Limited migratory ability

Relatively large
-20 um

Ovoid

Much basophilic cytoplasm

Synthesis of antibodies

31
Q

How long do plasma cells last?

A

Lives 10-30 days

32
Q

What are the functions of eosinophils, monocytes and neutrophils?

A

These cells rapidly migrate from blood to connective tissue

  • Response to injury and inflammation
    • especially neutrophils followed by monocytes
33
Q

What is indicated by eosinophils, monocytes and neutrophils?

A

Their presence indicates an acute inflammatory reaction

34
Q

What are Basophils?

A

-basophilic granules- cytoplasm

  • Release of histamine from basophilic granules
    • enhances vascular response in insect bites
35
Q

What is scurvy and what causes it?

A

Degeneration of connective tissue- lack of vit. C

36
Q

What is lipoma?

A

Benign tumor of adipocytes

37
Q

What is the Ehlers-Danlos type IV disease?

A

Deficiency of type III collagen

-rupture of arteries and intestine

38
Q

How was keloid formed?

A

Local swelling caused by abnormal amount of collagen

-scars

Anatomy (29 decks)

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