Anatomical Terms

Question 1

What is gross anatomy?

Answer 1

Anatomy that can be seen without a microscope

Question 2

What is histology?

Answer 2

Microscope anatomy (study of tissues)

Question 3

What is cytology?

Answer 3

Study of cells

Question 4

What is anatomy?

Answer 4

The study of the structure and function of the human body

Question 5

What is the anatomical position?

Answer 5

The body is erect, the eyes look straight to the front, the upper limbs hang by the side of the trunk with the palms directed forwards, and the lower limbs are parallel with the toes pointing forwards

Question 6

State the features of the anatomical position

Answer 6

Body erect

Arms at sides

Feet together

Palms facing forward

Question 7

What is the anatomical term of the umbilical?

Answer 7

Navel

Question 8

What is the anatomical term of the leg?

Answer 8

Crural

Question 9

What is the anatomical term of thigh?

Answer 9

Femoral

Question 10

What is the anatomical term for the foot?

Answer 10

Pedal

Question 11

What is the anatomical term for the neck?

Answer 11

Cervical

Question 12

What is the anatomical terms for the anal and external genitals ?

Answer 12

Perineal

Question 13

What is the anatomical term for the chest?

Answer 13

Thoracic

Question 14

What are the anatomical terms for breast?

Answer 14

Mammary

Question 15

What are the anatomical terms for the head?

Answer 15

Cephalic: head

• cranial: skull
• facial, orbital/ocular, oral, otic

Question 16

What does supine mean?

Answer 16

Lying down (recumbent) face directed upwards

Question 17

What does prone mean?

Answer 17

Lying down(on abdomen) face directed downwards

Question 18

What is the lithotomy position?

Answer 18

For examination of genitals and anal area

Hips and knees fully flexed, thighs separated

Question 19

Differentiate proximal and distal

Answer 19

Proximal- nearer to the trunk

Distal- away from the trunk

Question 20

Differentiate ventral and dorsal

Answer 20

Ventral(anterior)- towards the belly

Dorsal(posterior)- towards the back

Question 21

Differentiate Cranial(rostral) and caudal

Answer 21

Cranial/rostral-towards the head (superior)

Caudal- towards the tail

Question 22

Different flexion and extension

Answer 22

Flexion- approximation of the flexor surfaces (angle of joint is reduced)

Extension- Approximation of the extensor surfaces (angle of joint is increased). It is the opposite of flexion

Question 23

Differentiate abduction and adduction

Answer 23

Adduction- Movement towards the central axis

Abduction- movement away from the central axis. It is the opposite of adduction

Question 24

Differentiate medial rotation and lateral rotation

Answer 24

Medial rotation - inward rotation

Lateral rotation- outward rotation

Question 25

What is circumduction?

Answer 25

Combination of :
-lateral and medial rotation

• adduction and abduction
• flexion and extension

Question 26

Different pronation and supination

Answer 26

Pronation- rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned backward

Supination- Rotation of the forearm so that the palm is turned forwards

Question 27

List diagnostic imaging studies

Answer 27

• Plain X-rays
• CT scan
• MRI
• Ultrasound
• Angiography

Question 28

Summarize the functioning of the X-rays

Answer 28

• Pass all the way through the body
• Be deflected or scattered
• Be absorbed

Question 29

What circumstances influence X-rays passing through tissue ?

Answer 29

• Depends on the energy of the x-ray and the atomic number of the tissue
• Higher energy x-ray - more likely to pass through
• Higher atomic number- more likely to absorb the x-ray

Question 30

What are the four types of radiographic densities?

Answer 30

Low density material such as air is represented as black on the final radiograph. Very dense material such as metal or contrast material is represented as white. Bodily tissues are varying degrees of grey, depending on density, and thickness

Gas (Air)- black
Fat- grey black
Water- grey
Bone or metal- white
Contrast- white

Question 31

What is the purpose of medical imaging?

Answer 31

• Primary purpose is to identify pathologic conditions

- Requires recognition of normal anatomy