Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo 1 > Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Connective Tissue

A

supporting tissue

primarily structural

often the stroma of organs

includes cushioning CT found almost everywhere

cells organized in specialized ECM

classified based on ECM, not cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of Embryonic Connective Tissue

A

Mesenchymal

Mucous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of Adult Connective Tissue

A
  • CT Proper (Collagenous/Elastic)
    • loose
    • Dense Irregular
    • Dense Regular
    • Reticular (not elastic)
  • Specialized
    • Supporting (Bone/Cartilage)
    • Adipose
    • Blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ground Substance

A

in all CT except Blood

water and salts (primary cation is sodium)

complex carbohydrates (water retention)

proteoglycans (water retention)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Connective Tissue Cells

A

mostly fibroblasts and immune cells

other specialized cells for specific functions (adipose tissue → adipocytes)

arrangement gives terminology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What makes up collagen?

A

Fibroblasts

it is a triple helix structural protein

collagen fibril → collagen fiber → proteoglycan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the types of collagen?

A

Type I

Type II

Type III

Type IV

Type V

dif types of collagen do different things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What cell types make up collagen?

A

Fibroblasts

Reticular cell

epithelia cells (IV)

Equivalents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Making Collagen: Fibroblasts

A

inactive fibrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Making Collagen: Reticular Cell

A

make reticular fibers (III)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Making Collagen: Smooth Muscle Cells

A

in particular places

type I and III

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Making Collagen: Equivalents

A

bone - osteoblasts

Cartilage - chondroblast

Teeth - ondotoblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

elastin with microfibrillar proteins (fibrillins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What makes elastic fibers detectable?

A

orcein (black or dark purple)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are elastic fibers elastic?

A

Modification of two lysine residues in elastin protein (Lysyl oxidase, extracellular)

Form new amino acid: desmosine

ring structure linkes tropoelastin proteins

allows stretching and recoil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Other cells found in CT

A

Resident immune cells (macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells)

Non-resident immune cells (neutrophils/eosinophils, transit into CT upon stimulation, produced in bone marrow, travel through blood)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of macrophages?

A

phagocytosis of complement-bound particles

turnover of fibers and ECM

antigen presenting cells (lymphocytes)

produce cytokines (include chemokines to bring in other immune cells)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do macrophages get to the CT?

A

enter blood as monocytes

not called macrophages until mature (resident)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is the structure of macrophages?

A

kidney shaped nucleus

large

indent of one side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Macrophage histology

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the function of mast cells?

A

release proteases, proteoglycans, leukotrienes

respond to chemical signals (cytokines, chemokines)

vasoactive mediators - leukotrienes, heparin

produce histamine, chemotactic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Where are mast cells produced?

A

Travel through blood

activate immune (response to allergies)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the structure of mast cells?

A

many granules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Mast cell histology

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the function of plasma cells?

A

make/release antibodies

respond to immune challenge

produce IgAs (and other immunoglobulins)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Where are plasma cells produced?

A

travel through blood

Mature B lymphocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the structure of plasma cells?

A

clockface or wagon wheel nucleus

(clumped chromatid around edge)

basophilic

alot of rough ER
off center nucleus

alot of golgi

comet like appearance

28
Q

Plasma Cell Histology

A
29
Q

Embryonic CT: Mucous

A

found in umbilical cord and teeth pulp

larger spaces between fibers

jelly is thicker

rich in proteoglycans

30
Q

Embryonic CT

A
31
Q

Mucous CT Histology

A
32
Q

where is Mesenchymal CT found?

A

In embryo → cells give rise to all cells found in CT

in adult → dental pulp, pluripotent pericytes (can act like stem cells)

mesenchymal cells

reticular fiber

33
Q

Mesenchymal CT (Mouse) Histology

A
34
Q

What is the function of CT proper: Loose CT?

A

supports epithelial function

information

nutrients/waste transport

barrier (including surveillance)

bring nutrients to avascular epithelium

mesentery that holds organs in place

35
Q

Where is CT Proper: Loose CT found?

A

often found under epithelium

36
Q

What does CT proper: Loose CT contain?

A

fibroblasts and resident immune cells

nerve bundles

blood vessels

fibers: collagen ± elastic (loose elastic CT)

37
Q

Loose CT Histology

A
38
Q

Loose CT Histology

A
39
Q

What is the function of CT Proper: Dense Irregular CT?

A

supports tissue function

information

nutrients/waste

physical support

40
Q

Where is CT Proper: Dense Irregular CT found?

A

often found under loose CT

41
Q

What does CT Proper: Dense Irregular CT contain?

A

fibroblasts and resident immune cells (fewer than Loose CT)

nerve bundles (larger)

blood vessels (larger)

more fibrocytes and fewer plasma cells

fibers: collagen ± elastic

42
Q

What is Dense Irregular CT often associated with?

A

adipose

43
Q

Dense Irregular CT Histology

A
44
Q

Dense Irregular vs. Loose CT

A

loose → fewer fibers (nuclei) → darker

dense → more fibers, fewer nuclei → lighter

45
Q

What is the function of CT Proper: Dense Regular CT

A

supports tissue function

physical support

connection between tissues

46
Q

What does CT Proper: Dense Regular CT contain?

A

fibroblasts

thick collagen bundles in regular array (same direction)

usually contains elastic fibers

typically no immune cells unless sick

47
Q

Where is CT Proper: Dense Regular CT found?

A

mostly tendons or ligaments

48
Q

Dense Regular CT Organization

A
49
Q

Dense Regular CT Histology

A
50
Q

CT Proper: Elastic CT

A

Subcategory of Loose, Dense Irregular, or Dense Regular CT

contains: above/elastic fibers

supporting tissue function → stretching

special stains typically required

51
Q

Elastic CT Organization

A
52
Q

Elastic CT Histology

A
53
Q

Elastic CT Histology: Silver Stain

A
54
Q

What is the function of CT Proper: Reticular CT?

A

supports tissue function → cells in a fibrous matrix

55
Q

What stains are required to see reticular fibers?

A

silver staining

reticulin (uses silver and other heavy metals)

56
Q

What does Reticular CT contain?

A

specialized fibroblasts (reticulocytes)

reticular fibers (stroma)

hepatocytes - perinchyma

only reticular fibers and ground substance

57
Q

Reticular CT Organization

A
58
Q

Reticular CT Histology

A
59
Q

Reticular CT Histology: Silver Stain

A
60
Q

What does Adipose CT contain?

A

adipose cells (adipocyte)

very little ground substance

61
Q

What is the function of adipose CT?

A

supports tissue function → cushioning, energy storage (in form of lipids)

62
Q

What stain is required to see lipids?

A

fixation with osmium

63
Q

Adipose CT Organization

A
64
Q

Adipose CT Histology

A
65
Q

How does ground substance contribute to the function of CT?

A

Histo 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions