Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histo 1 > Cardiovascular System - The Vessels > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System - The Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What is the general purpose of blood vessels?

A
  • movement of blood from heart to periphery and back
    • must resist pressure from heart
    • must prevent backflow when pressure drops
    • must provide transport to and from tissue as well as to and from lumen of vessel
    • must regulate and respond to changes in pressure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Oxygenation depends on…

A

lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Difference in pressure explains….

A

difference in structure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are generally thicker, arteries or veins?

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define: Tunica Intima

A

Lining (endothelium) - barrier

inner most

continuous with epithelium of heart

think endocardium - lumen of vessel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define: Tunica Media

A

Muscle (smooth) - alter lumen size

middle layer

think myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define: Tunica Adventitia

A

CT (dense/elastic) - support

outermost layer

think epicardium - adipose near

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What layers make up the Tunica Intima?

A

Endothelium

Subendothelial CT

Internal Elastic Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Vascular Regulation

A

Autoregulation

Vasodilators

Endothelial Secretions

Hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Myogenic Autoregulation

A

intrinsic contractile response of smooth muscle when stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Metabolic Autoregulation

A

low blood flow restricts vasodilator movement away from the tissue → accumulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define: Endothelial Regulation

A

provides continuity to prevent sheer stress

responds to shear stress, stretch, circulating substances, inflammatory mediators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Endothelial Cell Control

A

Important functional part of blood vessels

not just static lining

produce active compounds that affect smooth muscle and immune cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Endothelial Regulators

A

Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

Nitric Oxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Endothelial Regulators: Arachidonic Acid Derivatives

A

Prostacyclin (vasodilator)

Thromboxane A2 (platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Endothelial Regulators: Nitric Oxide

A

vasodilator

Produced from arginine by nitric oxide synthase

activates guanyl cyclase; cGMP mediates relaxation of smooth muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the associated functions of maintenance of selective permeability barrier?

A

simple diffusion

active transport

pinocytosis

receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the associated functions of modulation of blood flow and vascular resistance?

A

secretion of vasoconstrictors

secretion of vasodilators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the associated functions of regulation of cell growth?

A

secretion of growth-stimulating factors

secretion of growth-inhibiting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the Associated functions of regulation of immune response?

A

leukocyte mgration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are active molecules involved in regulation of immune response?

A

interleukin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

___ travel together

A

Similar-sized vessels travel together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do you tell the difference between arteries and veins?

A

veins are more irregularly shaped

arteries are more round or oval shaped

arteries have a more muscular wall and are generally thicker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

General Artery Description

A

thin tunica intima

thicker tunica media relative to similar vein

thinner tunica adventitia than similar vein

no valves

internal/external elastic lamina → more in arteries than veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Why do arteries tend to not have valves?

A

pressure keeps blood moving forward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

General Vein Description

A

Thin Tunica Intima

Thinner Tunica Media relative to similar artery

Thicker Tunica Adventitia than similar artery

valves

no internal/external elastic lamina

27
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

They need to keep blood from back flowing due to changes in pressure

28
Q

Define: Vasculogenesis

A

Create → initial building/formation of new blood vessels

during development

from angioblasts in the embryo

29
Q

Define: Angiogenesis

A

repair or replacement of blood vessels in response to injury/cancer

occurs in preexisting vessel

30
Q

As vessels branch….

A

they get smaller

still have the same layers (until capillaries)

31
Q

___ is the largest artery

___ is the largest vein

A

Aorta

Vena Cava

32
Q

Why are the aorta and vena cava also known as the elastic artery (vein)?

A

due to substantial elastic fibers in t. media

33
Q

What is the difference between the Aorta and Vena Cava and other large arteries/veins?

A

Other large arteries/veins will appear similar, but have thinner walls and smaller lumens

Other large arteries/veins are continuous with the medium (muscular arteries and medium veins)

34
Q

Define: Aorta

A

Thin Tunica Intima

Thicker Tunica Media relative to the Vena Cava

Thinner Tunica Adventitia than Vena Cava

No Valves

Elastic Lamina throughout Tunica Media

35
Q

Define: Vena Cava

A

Thin Tunica Intima

Thinner Tunica Media relative to aorta → smooth muscle is circular

Thicker Tunica Adventitia than aorta → smooth muscle is longitudinal

Valves

Internal Elastic Lamina → not in other veins

Elastic Fibers throughout media/adventitia

36
Q

Muscular Artery (Medium Artery)

A

Elastic Fibers but not continuous

Tunica Media is same or thicker than adventitia

thin Tunica Intima

Elastic Lamella/fibers

37
Q

Medium Vein

A

Tunica Adventitia thicker than media

no internal/external elastic lamina

bundle of smooth muscles

38
Q

Small Artery/Vein vs. Arteriole/Venule

A

Similar Structure → no elastic lamina

travel together

arteriole/venule often seen near capillaries

39
Q

Tunica Media Layers in Small Artery/Vein vs. Arteriole/Venule

A

Small Artery: 2-4

Small Vein: 1-2

Arteriole: 1-2

Venule: 0

40
Q

Define: Capillaries

A

No Layers

Endothelium with basement membrane

occasional pericyte

41
Q

Define: Pericyte

A

Supporting cell of capillaries

contractile

potential source of repair by acting like STEM Cell

42
Q

Why does a venule stain lighter than an arteriole?

A

because the venule has no/less smooth muscle

43
Q

Define: Continuous Capillary

A

continuous basal lamina

endothelial cells have a complete cytoplasm

closely resembles venule → smaller lumen

1 RBC or less

44
Q

Define: Fenestrated Capillary

A

in areas where you want more diffusion across the wall

basal lamina is continuous

moe/absorb nutrients → nutrients, glucose

small intestines

45
Q

Define: Discontinuous Capillary

A

Removes Cells

easier for things to move across the border

fewer tight junctions

basal lamina is incomplete

sinusoid

liver, spleen

46
Q

Capillary Structure

A
  • crossing the endothelium
  • permeable → small hydrophobic → O2, CO2, simple diffusion
  • Everything else
    • Transported across cell → pinocytosis or fenestrations
    • transported across junctions → zonula occludens or discontinuous
  • basal lamina is different
47
Q

Define: Lymph Vessels

A

Carry Lymph to lymph nodes from peripheral tissues

very thin wall → endothelium basement membrane

no RBCs in lumen

anchor to CT → not much wall structure

48
Q

Valves of Lymph Vessels (and veins)

A

Core: CT

covered in endothelium

protrudes from wall → anchored to tunica media

unidirectional blood flow

49
Q

Identify the Structure: Thick wall for size of lumen, large wall to lumen ratio, has internal elastic membrane visible

A

muscular artery

50
Q

Identify the Structure: Thick wall for size of lumen, large wall to lumen ratio, no internal elastic membrane visible, elastic present within the media

A

elastic artery

51
Q

Identify the Structure: Thick wall for size of lumen, large wall to lumen ratio, no internal elastic membrane visible, no elastic present within the media

A

small artery

52
Q

Identify the Structure: Thin wall for size of lumen, Small wall to lumen ratio, Large vessel size

A

vein

53
Q

Identify the Structure: Thin wall for size of lumen, Small wall to lumen ratio, small vessel size

A

venule

54
Q

Define: Large Artery

A
  • diameter → >10 mm
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle
    • elastic lamellae
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thinner than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • elastic fibers
55
Q

Define: Medium Artery (Muscular Artery)

A
  • diameter → 2-10 mm
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle
    • prominent internal elastic membrane
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle
    • collagen fibers
    • relatively little elastic tissue
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thinner than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • some elastic fibers
56
Q

Define: Small Artery

A
  • Diameter → 0.1 - 2 mm
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle
    • internal elastic membrane
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle (8-10 cell layers)
    • collagen fibers
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thinner than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • elastic fibers
57
Q

Define: Arteriole

A
  • diameter → 10-100 um
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle (one or two cell layers)
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thin, ill-defines sheath of connective tissue
58
Q

Define: Capillary

A
  • diameter: 4-10 um
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
  • Tunica Media
    • none
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • none
59
Q

Define: Postcapillary venule

A
  • diameter: 10-50 um
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • pericytes
  • Tunica Media
    • none
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • none
60
Q

Define: Muscular Venule

A
  • diameter → 50-100 um
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle (one or two cell layers)
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thicker than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • some elastic fibers
61
Q

Define: Small Vein

A
  • diameter → 0.1 - 1 mm
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle (two or three layers)
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle (two or three continuous with tunica intima)
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thicker than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • some elastic fibers
62
Q

Define: Medium Vein

A
  • diameter → 1-10 mm
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle
    • Internal elastic membrane in some cases
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle
    • collagen fibers
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • thicker than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • some elastic fibers
63
Q

Define: Large Vein

A
  • diameter → >10 mm
  • Tunica Intima
    • endothelium
    • connective tissue
    • smooth muscle
  • Tunica Media
    • smooth muscle (2-15 layers)
    • collagen fibers
  • Tunica Adventitia
    • much thicker than tunica media
    • connective tissue
    • some elastic fibers, longitudinal smooth muscles
    • cardiac muscle extensions (myocardial sleeves) into great veins near the heart

Histo 1 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions