Conjugated Verbs - Past, Present, Future Tense

Question 1

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Answer 1

This is a Present Tense Informal Conjugation

Present = happens in the present
Informal = not formal. Used with anyone you’re not close friends with, but not for formal situations.

요 form is an informal ending

1) Get the verb stem
2) If verb stem ends withㅏ or ㅗ, attach 아. For any other vowel, attach 어
3) Attach 요

Ex1: 앉다 –> 앉 + 아 + 요 = 앉아요
Ex2: 먹다 –> 먹 + 어 + 요 = 억어요
Ex3: 만들다 –> 만들 + 어 + 요 = 만들어요

Question 2

[Present Tense Formal] : Verb stem + 습니다

Answer 2

This is a Present Tense Formal Conjugation

Question 3

[Present Tense Casual] : Verb stem + 아/어

Answer 3

This is a Present Tense Casual Conjugation

Question 4

[Past Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 았/었 + 어요

Answer 4

This is a Past Tense Informal Conjugation

Past = happened in the past
Informal = not formal. Used with anyone you’re not close friends with, but not for formal situations.

요 form is an informal ending

1) Get the verb stem
2) If verb stem ends withㅏ or ㅗ, attach 아. For any other vowel, attach 어
3) Attach ㅆ to the bottom of the conjugation
4) Attach 어요

Ex1: 가다 –> 가 –> 갔 + 어요 = 갔어요
Ex2: 먹다 –> 먹어 –> 먹었 + 어요 = 먹었어요
Ex3: 하다 –> 해 –> 했 + 어요 = 했어요

Question 5

[Past Tense Formal] : Verb stem + 았/었 + 습니다

Answer 5

This is a Past Tense Formal Conjugation

Question 6

[Past Tense Casual] : Verb stem + 았아/었어

Answer 6

This is a Past Tense Casual Conjugation

Question 7

[Future Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 을/ㄹ +__+ 거예요

Answer 7

This is a Future Tense Informal Conjugation

Future = will happen in the future
Informal = not formal. Used with anyone you’re not close friends with, but not for formal situations.

요 form is an informal ending

1) Get the verb stem
2) Attach 을 if it ends in a consonant, or attach ㄹ if it ends in a vowel
3) Attach 것이다, and conjugate 이다 (here, 이에요).

것이다 is a combination of 것 (thing) and the verb 이다 (to be).
것 is more often shortened to 거, so this can instead become 거예요

Ex1: 가다 –> 가 –> 갈 + 거예요 = 갈 거예요
Ex2: 먹다 –> 먹 –> 먹을 + 거예요 = 먹을 거예요
Ex3: 만나다 –> 만나 –> 만날 + 거예요 = 만날 거예요

Question 8

[Future Tense Formal] : Verb stem + 겠습니다

Answer 8

This is a Future Tense Formal Conjugation

Question 9

[Future Tense Casual] : Verb stem + 을 거야

Answer 9

This is a Future Tense Casual Conjugation

Question 10

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: Verb stem ends with a vowel

Answer 10

Whenever the verb stem ends with a vowel (and no consonants), the 아 or 어 will combine into the final syllable.

Ex1: 가다 –> 가 + 아 + 요 = 가요
Ex2: 보다 –> 보 + 아 + 요 = 봐요
Ex3: 마시다 –> 마시 + 어 + 요 = 아셔요
Ex4: 배우다 –> 배우 + 어 + 요 = 배워요

Question 11

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: Verb stem ends with the vowel ㅐ

Answer 11

Whenever the verb stem ends with the vowel ㅐ, simply add 요.

Ex: 보내다 –> 보내요

Question 12

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: Verb stem ends with the vowel ㅡ

Answer 12

Whenever the verb stem ends with only the vowel ㅡ :

1) Remove the ㅡ
2) Look at the 2nd to last syllable. If verb stem ends withㅏ or ㅗ, attach ㅏ. For any other vowel, attach ㅓ
OR
If there is only one syllable, attach ㅓ
3) Attach 요

Ex1: 쓰다 –> ㅆ + ㅓ + 요 = 써요
Ex2: 바쁘다 –> 바ㅃ + ㅏ + 요 = 바빠요

Question 13

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: Verb stem ends with the syllable 르

Answer 13

Whenever the verb stem ends with the syllable 르 :

1) Remove the ㅡ
2) Attach another ㄹ to the bottom of the 2nd to last syllable.
3) Look at the 2nd to last syllable. If verb stem ends withㅏ or ㅗ, attach ㅏ. For any other vowel, attach ㅓ
OR
If there is only one syllable, attach ㅓ
4) Attach 요

Ex: 부르다 –> 불ㄹ + ㅓ + 요 = 불러요

Question 14

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: Verb stem ends with the consonant ㅎ

Answer 14

Whenever the verb stem ends with the consonant ㅎ :

1) Remove the ㅎ
2) Attach the soundㅐto the final syllable. Combine it with the final syllable.
3) Attach 요

Ex: 그렇다 –> 그러 + ㅐ + 요 = 그래요

Question 15

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: 하다

Answer 15

The verb 하다 becomes 해 when conjugated:

1) 하다 = 해
2) Attach 요

Ex: 좋아하다 –> 좋아해요

Question 16

[Present Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 아/어 + 요

Exception: Verb stem ends with the consonant ㅂ

Answer 16

Whenever the verb stem ends with the consonant ㅂ, most of the time :

1) Remove the ㅂ
2) Attach 우
3) Attach ㅓ, and combine with 우
4) Attach 요

Ex1: 맵다 –> 매 + 우 + ㅓ + 요 = 매워요
Ex2: 부럽다 –> 부러 + 우 + ㅓ + 요 = 부러워요
Ex3: 춥다 –> 추 + 우 + ㅓ + 요 = 추워요

There are many exceptions to this rule

Question 17

Present tense of 이다 = “to be”

Answer 17

이에요 after consonant
예요 after vowel
= “it is”

Question 18

Past tense of 이다 = “to be”

Answer 18

이었어요 after consonant
였어요 after vowel
= “it was”

Question 19

Future tense of 이다 = “to be”

Answer 19

일 거예요
= “it will”; “will be”

Ex: 내일의 모임은 여기일 거예요. ‘Tomorrow’s meeting will be here.’

Note: 일 거예요 cannot be used to say that you (or any noun) will ‘become’ something.
Ex: you cannot use 일 거예요 to say that you will become a teacher when you get older.

Question 20

[Future Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 을/ㄹ +__+ 거예요

Note: you might not always need the future tense if the sentence meaning is clear.

Answer 20

If the present tense can kind of function like the future tense already, converting to future tense isn’t needed.
Ex: 내일 파티에 가요. ‘Tomorrow I go to the party’ / ‘Tomorrow I will go to the party.’

However, whenever you want to emphasize that you will do something, and that you’re not already doing it, use the future tense.

Ex: 파티에 가요. ‘I go to the party.’ Or this could mean ‘I will go to the party.’
Now, without using the future tense, this sentence could mean either. So you might want to use the future tense in this case to say that it’s not happening today.

Question 21

[Future Tense Informal] : Verb stem + 을/ㄹ +__+ 거예요

Exception: 것이다 with verb stems that end with a 비읍 (ㅂ) or with a 리을 (ㄹ).

Answer 21

If the verb stem ends with a 비읍 (ㅂ):
Remove ㅂ –> add 우 –> add ㄹ 거예요
Ex: 춥다 –> 추울 거예요.

If the verb stem ends with a 리을 (ㄹ):
Add 거예요.
Ex: 팔다 –> 팔 거예요.