Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

Acyanotic CV defects

Answer 1

(most are Left to Right Shunts)
ASDs - enlargement of RA, RV, and pulmonary a.
VSDs - enlargement of LA and LV
PDA - enlargement of LA, LV, and aorta - continuous, machine-like murmur (w/ Eisenmenger → LE cyanosis)
Congenital aortic valve stenosis - LVH
Congenital pulmonic valve stenosis - RVH
Coarctation of the aorta - LVH, dilation of collateral BVs (intercostal aa. → rib notching on CXR), symptoms of HF

Question 2

Cyanotic CV defects

Answer 2

(most are Right to Left Shunts)
Tetralogy of Fallot (VSD, obstruction to R outflow tract, overriding aorta that receives blood from both ventricles, RVH from pulmonic stenosis) - dyspnea on exertion (squat)
Transposition of the great arteries - cyanosis at birth
Eisenmenger Syndrome - elevated pulmonary vascular resistance from a chronic R→L shunt, reverses the shunt
Coarctation of the aorta w/ PDA - differential cyanosis (only LE)