conformity

Question 1

what is social influence

Answer 1

how ppl are affected by the real and imagined pressures of others.

Question 2

3 ways to yield to influence

Answer 2

obedience = direct commands from authority
compliance = direct request from other
conformity = norms of social group

Question 3

3 ways to yield to influence

Answer 3

independence
assertiveness
defiance

Question 4

when working with partner, the tendency to mimic their motor behaviour is called?

Answer 4

chameleon effect

Question 5

mimicry as a baby

Answer 5

infants open mouth wide, tap fingers on table, wave bye-bye before clapping, flexing finger, putting hands on head.
mimic simple features first

Question 6

why might social influence occur

Answer 6

facilitates social interactions
- more likely to mimic when want to belong

related to mood
- mood contagion: mimic face to get that mood.

Question 7

define conformtiy

Answer 7

tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, behaviour in way that’s consistent with group norms

Question 8

sherif’s autokinetic effect

Answer 8

optical illusion - looks like light moves.

1. participated alone - common perception per person. differs btw ppl
2. participated in groups - altho individually different measures, converged on common perception in presence of others

Question 9

asch’s line judgement study

Answer 9

• line comparison by one subject while in group of confederates
• submit to group: publicly conform, privately different.

Question 10

sherif vs asch

- conform for diff reasons

Answer 10

sherif = ambiguous. informational influence. private conformity

asch = non-ambiguous situation. normative influence. public conformity

Question 11

why do ppl conform

- 2 types of influence

Answer 11

1. informational influence = conform bc believe others are correct
   - - ambiguous situation, external cue as info, influence internal belief
   - - private conformtiy
2. normative influence = conform bc fear negative social consequences
   - - clear cut situation, external cue influence behaviour. no change in internal belief.
   - - public conformity.

Question 12

how to tell difference between private and public conformtiy

Answer 12

private: maintain change after group is gone
public: when group is gone, no more compliance.

Question 13

fMRI in mental rotation task

Answer 13

conform 41% of time

• activation of visuo-spatial area.
• no decision making bc no prefrontal active. group gave info that influenced.

Question 14

conformity depends on ease of task & motivation

Answer 14

easy task

• low motiv = 1/3 conformed
• high motive = 15% conformed

hard task

• low motiv = 35% conformed
• high motive = 51% conformed.

Question 15

4 factors of majority influence

Answer 15

1. group size
2. awareness of norms
3. ally in dissent
4. sex differences

Question 16

majority influence - group size

Answer 16

conformity increase ith group size - to a point.

• after 3/4 ppl, more ppl doesnt have huge impact.
• collusion or spineless sheep.
• more persuaded by independence of ppl

Question 17

what is law of diminishing returns

Answer 17

conformity increases with group size up until a point.

Question 18

majority influence: awareness of norms

Answer 18

conform when know about and focus on social norms

- often misperceive normative. = pluralistic influence. drinking culture in universities.

Question 19

majority influence: ally in dissent

Answer 19

asch’s study, w ally conformtiy dropped 80%.

• any dissent can reduce normative pressures to conform
• study: ally either choose 3rd option -wrong. or your correct option. breaks pressure to conform - regardless of the strength of ally’s position.

Question 20

majority influence and gender influence

Answer 20

• sex differences depend on:
  *how comfortable ppl are with experimental task. female conform to masculine tasks, male conform to feminine tasks.
  *type of social pressure ppl face. - publically concerned about judgements. men - expected to be bold, fierce = conform less in public
  women - expected to be docile = conform more in public.

Question 21

minority influence

3 steps to exert social influence

Answer 21

1. draw attention
2. consistency
3. unwavering.

Question 22

consistent dissent approach

Answer 22

forceful, persistent, unwavering in your opinion

if not stubborn or rude - majority tends to rethink their decision

Question 23

minorities influence by accumulating ??

conform to dissent strategy

Answer 23

idiosyncrasy credits.

Question 24

how does majority infleunce ?

how does minority influence?

Answer 24

majority- elicit public conformity through normative pressures
minority - private conformity, conversion

Question 25

relative impact of majority vs minority depends on judgement being subjective or objective

Answer 25

objective - majority influence impactful.

subjective - minority influence impactful.

Question 26

what is compliance

Answer 26

changes in behaviour as the result of direct requests.

Question 27

mindless responding

- language of request

Answer 27

phrasing of request can lead to compliance.
saying “because” increases compliance.
reframing question can peak interest for more compliance

Question 28

norm of reciprocity

??? = feel obligated to repay act of kindness

Answer 28

treat others the way they treat us.

- high in exchange orientation. = short-lived

Question 29

small request, secure agreement, make separate larger request

Answer 29

foot in door

Question 30

why is foot in door effective

Answer 30

• small request, secure agreement, larger request.
• effective bs self-perception theory. infer attitude by behaviour. only successful when attribute compliance to self, or when motivated to be consistent with initial behaviour

Question 31

secure agreement with request than increase request by revealing hidden cost

Answer 31

low balling

Question 32

why is lowballing effective

Answer 32

secure agreement, reveal hidden cost & increase size of request.

psychology of commitment spreading the alternative start to like what we chose, harder to give up.

• • cant suspect they’re being tricked.
• • need sam person to reveal costs. more effective when publically make commitment than privately

Question 33

large request, know itll be rejected, then make moderate request.

Answer 33

door in face technique

Question 34

why is door in face technique effective?

Answer 34

large request rejected, 2nd lesser request accepted

perceptual contrast - large request makes 2nd seem more reasonable

reciprocal concession - respond to bargain, match with concession of your own.

• need 2nd request made by same person.
• first request cant be too extreme

Question 35

somewhat inflated request, then immediately decrease apparent size by offering discount/bonus

Answer 35

that’s not all folks

Question 36

obedience- define

Answer 36

behaviour change produced by commands of authority.

• told not to question authority, infleunced by symbols of authority

Question 37

3 important factors that influence obedience

Answer 37

physical presence & legitimacy of authority figure
- lab coat, yale, on phone

victim’s proximity - further = cant see suffering. obedience decrease when close by

experimental procedure

• relieved responsibility for victim’s welfare = increase obedience.
• gradual escalation obedience, not immediate, strong obedience.

Question 38

when will people conform to normative social influence?

Answer 38

social impact theory

strength: importance of group
immediacy: how close is group in time and space?
number: how many people in group.