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GCSE History > Conflict and Tension 1945-1972: The 'thaw' > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension 1945-1972: The 'thaw' Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the Hungarian uprising?

A

1956

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2
Q

When did Hungary fall within the Soviet sphere of influence?

A

After WW2

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3
Q

How did the Soviets ensure communists came to power?

A

By tightly controlling the elections.

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4
Q

Who became the Hungarian leader in 1949?

A

Mátyás Rákosi

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5
Q

Who was Mátyás Rákosi?

A

A hard-line stalinist who did not tolerate any opposition.

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6
Q

The ______ ______ helped him to keep a firm grip on the country.

A

secret police

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7
Q

What did many Hungarians resent about being Rákosi rule?

A

He used brutality and the country was under tight control of Moscow.

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8
Q

Who’s arrest upset many Hungarians seeing as Hungry was a strongly Catholic country?

A

Cardinal Mindszenty

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9
Q

When did Stalin die?

A

February 1956

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10
Q

Who was the new Soviet leader ?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

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11
Q

Describe the process known as de- Stalination.

A

Khrushchev criticized Stalin’s brutality and suggested a more open and peaceful approach from the government.

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12
Q

Describe the process known as de- Stalination.

A

Chris chave criticized stalin’s brutality and suggested a more open and peaceful approach from the government

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13
Q

On what day did students in Hungary take to the streets of the Hungarian capital, Budapest, to list their demands?

A

The 23rd of October 1956

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14
Q

What did the students list of demands include?

A

. Greater freedoms and civil rights
. The removal of Rákosi and return of Imre Nagy
. The withdrawal of Soviet troops

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15
Q

Who was Imre Nagy?

A

A communist who supported reform.

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16
Q

What happened to Soviet tanks after the small protests grew and violence began to spread? How did they respond?

A

Soviet tanks were set alight and, in response, some fired at the protesters.

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17
Q

As Nagy called for calm who did he pledge support for?

A

The Hungarian Communist Party

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18
Q

Why did Khrushchev order the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungery?

A

He wished to avoid violence.

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19
Q

When did Khrushchev order withdrawals of the Soviet troops?

A

October 29th to 31st

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20
Q

With _______ tanks gone and ___ as prime minister it seemed that life in the country would ______.

A
  1. Soviet
  2. Nagy
  3. improve
21
Q

When did Nagy announce that Hungry was now an independent and neutral country?

A

The 1st of November 1956

22
Q

Although Khrushchev was willing to give some ground why did the decision to leave the Warsaw Pact worry him?

A

He was worried that other countries might be inspired to follow Hungry’s example.

23
Q

Despite many hungarians beliefs why did the USA not interfere?

A

Hungry was in the Soviet sphere of influent, do Eisenhower didn’t want to risk direct conflict with Moscow.

24
Q

When did the UN discuss the issue of Hungary?

A

4th of November

25
Q

What did the USSR do when the Security Council held a vote calling them to withdraw?

A

They simply vetoed it.

26
Q

Finish the sentence: Despite his calls for peaceful co-existence between east and west, Khrushchev had shown he was willing to do anything to…

A

Keep countries under Moscow’s control.

27
Q

How did the Hungarian uprising strengthen the USA’s and USSR’s relationship?

A

The USA had established that it would not interfere in events behind the Iron Curtain.

28
Q

What cause the thaw in relations between the USA and the USSR to come to an abrupt end?

A

The U2 Crisis

29
Q

What were U2 spy planes?

A

The USA’s most effective method of gathering intelligence- able to photograph weapons development without detection.

30
Q

What height did the U2 spy planes fly at?

A

23,000

31
Q

What caused The U2 crisis?

A

A U2 plane was shot down by USSR’s anti-aircraft guns.

32
Q

Who was the pilot of the plane that was shot down?

A

Gary Powers

33
Q

When was the plane shot down by the USSR ?

A

The 1st of May 1960

34
Q

What claim did the Americans make about the plane that was later proved to not be the case ?

A

That the plane shot down was a weather plane that had strayed into Soviet territory.

35
Q

After being put on trial, how many years of imprisonment was powers sentenced to?

A

10 years

36
Q

What did President Eisenhower refuse to apologize on the behalf of the US government for?

A

The US government admitted that it was a spy plane.

37
Q

What was the Paris peace summit and when was it scheduled to happen?

A

A meeting between Eisenhower and Khrushchev that was supposed to represent a step towards improved relationships, in May 1960.

38
Q

Why didn’t the Paris Peace Summit happen on its set date?

A

Khrushchev walked out of the summit before any discussions could take place, describing Eisenhower as a ‘thief court red-handed in his theft’.

39
Q

When did Khrushchev cancel the Paris peace summit?

A

June 1960

40
Q

Eisenhower promise to only ‘_______’ spy flights and Khrushchev refused to meet the president again

A

suspend

41
Q

Seeing as there was no Paris Peace Summit Khrushchev’s call for ‘peaceful _________’ and ___________’s hope to end his presidency by _______ the USA and USSR’s relationship didn’t go through.

A
  1. co-existance
  2. Eisenhower
  3. improving
42
Q

Why did some people argue that Khrushchev wanted the summit to fail regardless of the U2 Crisis?

A

To show his political opponents that in Moscow but he was a tough leader on the world stage.

43
Q

When did Eisenhower leave office ?

A

The start of 1961

44
Q

Finish the sentence: As tensions ran high abroad, the USA was in a growing state of fear about…

A

Communism

45
Q

Throughout the 1950s, who led a campaign to root out communism in the USSR?

A

Senator Joseph McCarthy

46
Q

Which committee investigated anyone with the suspicion of links to communism?

A

The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC)

47
Q

Many Americans began to believe that there were indeed ‘____ under the ___’.

A
  1. reds
  2. bed
48
Q

Which State Department official was found to have past secrets to the USSR in 1950 ?

A

Alger Hiss

49
Q

_____ and ______ Rosenberg were also executed for being Soviet spies.

A
  1. Julius
  2. Ethel

GCSE History (40 decks)

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