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GCSE History > Conflict and Tension 1945-1972: Tensions over Cuba > Flashcards

Conflict and Tension 1945-1972: Tensions over Cuba Flashcards

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1
Q

When was Cuba rulled by a corrupt government, led by Batista?

A

1933- 1959

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2
Q

What had enabled many members of the Cuban government and US businessmen to become very wealthy ?

A

American investment

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3
Q

Who called for revolution by the 1950s?

A

A young lawyer named Fidel Castro.

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4
Q

Castro was ________ and sent into _____.

A
  1. arrested
  2. exile
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5
Q

How many supporters did Castro return to Cuba with in 1956?

A

81

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6
Q

What did Castro begin once returning to Cuba?

A

A two-year guerilla war campaign against the government.

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7
Q

When did Batista’s government collapse and Castro declare a new Cuba?

A

The 1st of January 1959

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8
Q

Despite being left wing what did Castro refer to instead of communism ?

A

A fight by ordinary Cubans or fairer and freer society.

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9
Q

Finish the sentence: Castro said that he was willing to work with the Americans, visiting the USA shortly after coming to power but…

A

Eisenhower refused to meet with him.

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10
Q

What was one way Castro began reorganising the way Cuba worked?

A

Taking businesses and industry into state ownership (including a number of American businesses).

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11
Q

Who did Castro turn to for help in building Cuba’s economy seeing as USA was unwilling to work with him ?

A

The USSR

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12
Q

How did the USA respond to the USSR helping Cuba?

A

The USA placed and embargo on the country (a total ban on trade), Cuba was now totally reliant on the USSR.

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13
Q

When was the Bay of Pigs?

A

1961

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14
Q

When did Kennedy take office?

A

January 1961

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15
Q

What plan did the CIA begin to draw up to help Castro’s exiled opponents retake Cuba?

A

A large group of Cuban exiles would be trained by the CIA to take control of Cuba. The

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16
Q

What did they assume the Invasion would inspire?

A

Other Cubans to take arms against Castro.

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17
Q

Who would give support to the group of Cuban exiles?

A

The US Air Force

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18
Q

What problem became clear as the plan was put into action?

A

Most Cuban supported Castro and would not join the invasion.

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19
Q

What did a number of senior figures in the US government feel about their involvement?

A

That it was illegal under international law.

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20
Q

Why was it decided that the plan was worth the risk?

A

They hard spent $5 million on preparations.

21
Q

When did the Cuban exiles land on the beach in the Bay of Pigs?

A

On the 17th of April 1961

22
Q

Why were the exiles left totally exposed at the last moment?

A

Kennedy withdrew the support of the US Air Force.

23
Q

How many of the Cuban exiles were killed?

A

200

24
Q

How many of the Cuban exiles were taken prisoner by Castro’s forces ?

A

1197

25
Q

Did anyone come to the Cuban exiles aid in Cuba?

A

No

26
Q

When was the Cuban Missile Crisis ?

A

1961

27
Q

After the bay of pigs incident, Castro became ______ to Moscow.

A

closer

28
Q

Why was allying with Castro a great opportunity for Khrushchev?

A

Cuba was only a few miles away from the American coast
. The US had already had bases and nuclear weapons in Turkey

29
Q

When did the first nuclear weapon arrive in Cuba ?

A

The summer of 1962

30
Q

When did the US finally realise what was going ?

A

The 14th of October

31
Q

How long did Kennedy discuss the missiles existence, with his advisors, before revealing it to the American people?

A

A week

32
Q

When did he order of blockade of Cuba?

A

The 21st of October

33
Q

What did Kennedy say the US Navy would do to any ship that tried to reach the island ?

A

Fire on them

34
Q

On the 22nd of October what did Kennedy place the USA on ?

A

DEFCON 3

35
Q

What is brinkmanship?

A

The practice of pushing a dangerous situation or confrontation to the limit of safety, especially to force a desired outcome

36
Q

In the 23rdoba what did the Soviet ships approach Cuba carrying ?

A

Missiles

37
Q

Who called for a compromise 24th of October?

A

The UN Secretary General, U Thant

38
Q

As the ships faced each other, waiting for the other side to back down, what did the UN declare ?

A

DEFCON 2

39
Q

At what time and on what day did a Soviet ship and to the quarantine Zone ?

A

At 7:15 a.m., on the 25th October

40
Q

Why was the ship allowed to pass ?

A

It was a established that it was an oil tanker.

41
Q

How many US troops did Kennedy assemble in Florida, ready for invasion of Cuba ?

A

120, 000

42
Q

What letter did Kennedy receive on the 26th of October ?

A

A letter from Khrushchev saying that he would remove the missiles.

43
Q

What did the US Navy detect on the 27th of October ?

A

A Soviet submarine close to Cuba

44
Q

How did the Soviet submarine suggest that the situation was now beyond each leaders control ?

A

When the Americans sent depth charges to force the submarine to the surface, it became clear that the Soviet vessel had not been in contact with the outside world and almost launched the nuclear torpedo (believing that the war had ended).

45
Q

On the same morning of the 27th of October what did the Cubans shoot ?

A

A Soviet spy plane

46
Q

What drifted into Soviet airspace later in the day off the 27th of October ?

A

Another American plane

47
Q

Later on the 27th of October, what did Khrushchevs second letter say to Kennedy?

A

He promised to remove the missiles once again and demanded the removal of US missiles from Turkey and Italy.

48
Q

On what basis did Kennedy agree to Khrushchevs second letter?

A

The removal of US missiles would be kept to secret.

GCSE History (40 decks)

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