Britain- Migration, Empires and the People c790-Present Day: Invasion

Question 1

Who were the Anglo-Saxons?

Answer 1

Tribes from modern-day Denmark and northern Germany from around AD400 onwards.

Question 2

What were the three groups that made up the Anglo-Saxons?

Answer 2

The Angles, Saxons and Jutes.

Question 3

By AD800 what were the names of the leaders that had become very wealthy?

Answer 3

Lords and chieftains.

Question 4

Where were the Vikings originally from?

Answer 4

Scandinavia

Question 5

When did the Vikings start raiding Britain?

Answer 5

Around AD790s

Question 6

Vikings initially raided__________ and _______ near the coast.

Answer 6

1. monasteries
2. villages

Question 7

Name an example of a monastery the Vikings had a initially raided.

Answer 7

Lindisfarne in Northumbria.

Question 8

Where did the Vikings begin to attack later on?

Answer 8

Father inland, sailing up rivers and setting up camps.

Question 9

List four reasons why the Vikings invaded Britain:

Answer 9

1. Some Anglo-Saxon kingdoms had become very wealthy
2. Britain had better farming land
3. As an opportunity for younger brothers who did not inherit land in Scandinavia
4. Scandinavia was becoming overcrowded

Question 10

What were the 7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms around AD700?

Answer 10

1. Northumbria
2. East Anglia
3. Essex
4. Kent
5. Sussex
6. Wessex
7. Mercia

Question 11

Who was Alfred the Great?

Answer 11

The 22-year-old son of Aethelred of Wessex, who became king in AD871 after his father’s death.
. He later became king of the Anglo-Saxons

Question 12

Where had the Vikings conquered in 876?

Answer 12

Northumbria, East Anglia and most of Mercia.

Question 13

After the Vikings had turned their attention to ______, king Alfred and his army has some early successes. However they were driven back and forced to hide on the in the ____ of _________ in the Somerset marshes.

Answer 13

1. Wessex
2. Isle
3. Athelney

Question 14

In which battle did king Alfred the Vikings?

Answer 14

The Battle of Edington

Question 15

When was the Battle of Edington?

Answer 15

In May AD878

Question 16

Who was the Viking leader who had to agree on peace terms with King Alfred?

Answer 16

Gunthrum

Question 17

What would Gunthrum have to become and do once the two sides agreed on peace terms?

Answer 17

Become Christian and never attack Wessex again.

Question 18

What was created between the Anglo-Saxon and Viking territories?

Answer 18

A boundary

Question 19

What was known as Danelaw?

Answer 19

The North and east of the boundary, occupied and controlled by Danes from the late 19th Century until the Norman conquest.

Question 20

How long was Alfred the Great’s reign?

Answer 20

AD871- 899

Question 21

Despite more Viking raids on; Anglo-Saxon territory, how did Vikings and Anglo-Saxons coexist?

Answer 21

. They lived fairly together
. People travelled and traded between Wessex and the Danelaw
. There was intermarriage between the two

Question 22

What did this mean the Anglo-Saxons begin to call themselves under Alfred the Great’s rule? Why?

Answer 22

Angelcynn (English) seeing as other kingdoms acknowledged him to be the ‘overlord’.

Question 23

True or false: After Alfred’s death, his descendants didn’t manage to recapture parts of the Danelaw.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Who was Edgar the peaceful?

Answer 24

Alfred the Greats great-grandson, who became king in AD959.

Question 25

Under King _____ the peaceful the country became both calm and _____ but when he died in ___ things began to unravel.

Answer 25

1. Edgar
2. stable
3. 975

Question 26

Who was King Aethelred?

Answer 26

Edgar’s son who became king in 978 after his supporters murdered his half-brother Edward.
. He was considered a poor judge of character and was taken advantage of fire his advisors.

Question 27

How long was King Aethelred’s reign?

Answer 27

AD978-1013

Question 28

In ___, a huge Viking army, led by the Dane ____ ________ and the Norwegian Olaf __________, arrived at _________ in a fleet of over __ ships.

Answer 28

1. 991
2. Sven
3. Forkbeard
4. Tryggvason
5. Folkestone
6. 90

Question 29

In which battle did the Vikings defeat the English in 991?

Answer 29

The Battle of Maldon

Question 30

What is known as Danegeld?

Answer 30

The taxed raised by Aethelred in Anglo-Saxon England, to pay for protection against the Danish.

Question 31

How much did Danegeld cost in today’s money?

Answer 31

£1.8 million

Question 32

What deal did Aethelred make with the Normans to stop paying Danegeld?

Answer 32

The Normans and Anglo-Saxons would support each other against their enemies.
. This meant Vikings would not be able to use Normandy as a base to attack Britain.

Question 33

When was the St Brice’s Day Massacre?

Answer 33

November 1002

Question 34

What happened on St Brice’s Day Massacre?

Answer 34

Aethelred carried out a mass killing of all Vikings that he could find south of the Danelaw.

Question 35

Who was Sven Forkbeard?

Answer 35

The King of Denmark.

Question 36

Why did Sven Forkbeard summon a large army to conquer England in 1013?

Answer 36

His sister had been murdered in the massacre.

Question 37

True or false: Aethelred flees once Sven Forkbeard conquers England.

Answer 37

True

Question 38

When does Sven Forkbeard die?

Answer 38

1014

Question 39

Who succeeded Sven Forkbeard?

Answer 39

Cunt, Forkbeard’s young son.

Question 40

When Aethelred returns to England, where does he force Cnut back to?

Answer 40

Denmark

Question 41

From 1014-16 what do Cnut’s supporters in England do?

Answer 41

Rebel against Aethelred.

Question 42

True or false: Aethelred’s own son joins the rebellion.

Answer 42

True

Question 43

When does Aethelred die and who succeeds him?

Answer 43

April 1016 and his son Edmund becomes king.

Question 44

Where did Cnut beat King Edmund in the Battle of Assundun? When was this?

Answer 44

In Essex on October 1016

Question 45

Name 3 things Cnut and Edmund agreed.

Answer 45

. Wessex belongs to Edmund
. The rest of the country will be ran by Cnut
.When one of them dies, the other will inherit the land

Question 46

Why is Edmund’s death particularly suspicious?

Answer 46

He died around a month later after his and Cnut’s agreement.

Question 47

Why did Cnut see Britain as his main domain, rather than part of the Danish Empire?

Answer 47

It was his richest kingdom.

Question 48

Who was Emma of Normandy?

Answer 48

The sister of the Duke of Normandy and the widow Aethelred.
. She later married Cnut.

Question 49

Emma of Normandy united the Vikings and the _____________ when she married Aethelred, but for ____ symbolize the ___ and helped him forge his way in England.

Answer 49

1. Anglo-Saxons
2. Cnut
3. old

Question 50

How did Cnut’s marriage to Emma of Normandy expand his North Sea Empire?

Answer 50

She brought lands to the marriage

Question 51

What did Emma of Normandy improve relations with?

Answer 51

The church

Question 52

What were 3 well-known traits about Emma of Normandy?

Answer 52

1. She was strong leader who was respected
2. She listened to when Cnut travelled his Empire
3. She was good with money

Question 53

Who were Emma of Normandy’s two sons?

Answer 53

Edward (her son with Aethelred) and Harthacnut (her son of Cnut)

Question 54

Why did Cnut’s rule of Britain benefit Denmark?

Answer 54

He transferred riches back to Denmark and Danish nobles were given land.

Question 55

How did Cnut instill fear into many Anglo-Saxons?

Answer 55

He ordered the execution of a number of powerful Anglo-Saxons.

Question 56

Name 3 ways Britain became more peaceful under Cnut’s rule.

Answer 56

. Emma of Normandy
. The return of laws made by Edgar the peaceful
. No Viking raids

Question 57

Who were left to rule their own areas in Britain?

Answer 57

Trustworthy English nobles