Britain- Migration, Empires and the People c790-Present Day: Invasion Flashcards
Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
Tribes from modern-day Denmark and northern Germany from around AD400 onwards.
What were the three groups that made up the Anglo-Saxons?
The Angles, Saxons and Jutes.
By AD800 what were the names of the leaders that had become very wealthy?
Lords and chieftains.
Where were the Vikings originally from?
Scandinavia
When did the Vikings start raiding Britain?
Around AD790s
Vikings initially raided__________ and _______ near the coast.
- monasteries
- villages
Name an example of a monastery the Vikings had a initially raided.
Lindisfarne in Northumbria.
Where did the Vikings begin to attack later on?
Father inland, sailing up rivers and setting up camps.
List four reasons why the Vikings invaded Britain:
- Some Anglo-Saxon kingdoms had become very wealthy
- Britain had better farming land
- As an opportunity for younger brothers who did not inherit land in Scandinavia
- Scandinavia was becoming overcrowded
What were the 7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms around AD700?
- Northumbria
- East Anglia
- Essex
- Kent
- Sussex
- Wessex
- Mercia
Who was Alfred the Great?
The 22-year-old son of Aethelred of Wessex, who became king in AD871 after his father’s death.
. He later became king of the Anglo-Saxons
Where had the Vikings conquered in 876?
Northumbria, East Anglia and most of Mercia.
After the Vikings had turned their attention to ______, king Alfred and his army has some early successes. However they were driven back and forced to hide on the in the ____ of _________ in the Somerset marshes.
- Wessex
- Isle
- Athelney
In which battle did king Alfred the Vikings?
The Battle of Edington
When was the Battle of Edington?
In May AD878
Who was the Viking leader who had to agree on peace terms with King Alfred?
Gunthrum
What would Gunthrum have to become and do once the two sides agreed on peace terms?
Become Christian and never attack Wessex again.
What was created between the Anglo-Saxon and Viking territories?
A boundary
What was known as Danelaw?
The North and east of the boundary, occupied and controlled by Danes from the late 19th Century until the Norman conquest.
How long was Alfred the Great’s reign?
AD871- 899
Despite more Viking raids on; Anglo-Saxon territory, how did Vikings and Anglo-Saxons coexist?
. They lived fairly together
. People travelled and traded between Wessex and the Danelaw
. There was intermarriage between the two
What did this mean the Anglo-Saxons begin to call themselves under Alfred the Great’s rule? Why?
Angelcynn (English) seeing as other kingdoms acknowledged him to be the ‘overlord’.
True or false: After Alfred’s death, his descendants didn’t manage to recapture parts of the Danelaw.
False
Who was Edgar the peaceful?
Alfred the Greats great-grandson, who became king in AD959.
Under King _____ the peaceful the country became both calm and _____ but when he died in ___ things began to unravel.
- Edgar
- stable
- 975
Who was King Aethelred?
Edgar’s son who became king in 978 after his supporters murdered his half-brother Edward.
. He was considered a poor judge of character and was taken advantage of fire his advisors.
How long was King Aethelred’s reign?
AD978-1013
In ___, a huge Viking army, led by the Dane ____ ________ and the Norwegian Olaf __________, arrived at _________ in a fleet of over __ ships.
- 991
- Sven
- Forkbeard
- Tryggvason
- Folkestone
- 90
In which battle did the Vikings defeat the English in 991?
The Battle of Maldon
What is known as Danegeld?
The taxed raised by Aethelred in Anglo-Saxon England, to pay for protection against the Danish.
How much did Danegeld cost in today’s money?
£1.8 million
What deal did Aethelred make with the Normans to stop paying Danegeld?
The Normans and Anglo-Saxons would support each other against their enemies.
. This meant Vikings would not be able to use Normandy as a base to attack Britain.
When was the St Brice’s Day Massacre?
November 1002
What happened on St Brice’s Day Massacre?
Aethelred carried out a mass killing of all Vikings that he could find south of the Danelaw.
Who was Sven Forkbeard?
The King of Denmark.
Why did Sven Forkbeard summon a large army to conquer England in 1013?
His sister had been murdered in the massacre.
True or false: Aethelred flees once Sven Forkbeard conquers England.
True
When does Sven Forkbeard die?
1014
Who succeeded Sven Forkbeard?
Cunt, Forkbeard’s young son.
When Aethelred returns to England, where does he force Cnut back to?
Denmark
From 1014-16 what do Cnut’s supporters in England do?
Rebel against Aethelred.
True or false: Aethelred’s own son joins the rebellion.
True
When does Aethelred die and who succeeds him?
April 1016 and his son Edmund becomes king.
Where did Cnut beat King Edmund in the Battle of Assundun? When was this?
In Essex on October 1016
Name 3 things Cnut and Edmund agreed.
. Wessex belongs to Edmund
. The rest of the country will be ran by Cnut
.When one of them dies, the other will inherit the land
Why is Edmund’s death particularly suspicious?
He died around a month later after his and Cnut’s agreement.
Why did Cnut see Britain as his main domain, rather than part of the Danish Empire?
It was his richest kingdom.
Who was Emma of Normandy?
The sister of the Duke of Normandy and the widow Aethelred.
. She later married Cnut.
Emma of Normandy united the Vikings and the _____________ when she married Aethelred, but for ____ symbolize the ___ and helped him forge his way in England.
- Anglo-Saxons
- Cnut
- old
How did Cnut’s marriage to Emma of Normandy expand his North Sea Empire?
She brought lands to the marriage
What did Emma of Normandy improve relations with?
The church
What were 3 well-known traits about Emma of Normandy?
- She was strong leader who was respected
- She listened to when Cnut travelled his Empire
- She was good with money
Who were Emma of Normandy’s two sons?
Edward (her son with Aethelred) and Harthacnut (her son of Cnut)
Why did Cnut’s rule of Britain benefit Denmark?
He transferred riches back to Denmark and Danish nobles were given land.
How did Cnut instill fear into many Anglo-Saxons?
He ordered the execution of a number of powerful Anglo-Saxons.
Name 3 ways Britain became more peaceful under Cnut’s rule.
. Emma of Normandy
. The return of laws made by Edgar the peaceful
. No Viking raids
Who were left to rule their own areas in Britain?
Trustworthy English nobles
