Britain- Migration, Empires and the People c790-Present Day: Expansion in Africa

Question 1

In 1870, around __ % of Africa was controlled by European countries. By ____, European nations controlled over __ % of Africa.

Answer 1

1. 10
2. 1900
3. 90

Question 2

List 4 reasons European countries were so interested in Africa:

Answer 2

1. Africa was rich in natural resources
2. They could sell their goods to African inhabitants
3. It was an era of ‘empire building’: ‘Scramble for Africa’
4. Christian missionaries felt obliged to convert people to Christianity- enlighten the ‘dark continent

Question 3

What made it possible for Europeans to explore (and conquer) Africa by 1870?

Answer 3

The invention of treatments to combat diseases found in Africa.

Question 4

Which countries predominantly began to ‘claim’ land in Africa during the late 1870’s?

Answer 4

. Britain
. France
. Germany
. Portugal
. Italy
. Spain
. Belgium

Question 5

How did they attempt to prevent war between European powers from war in 1884-85?

Answer 5

The leaders held a conference in Berlin, Germany to decide which nations could take which areas.

Question 6

What did the European powers fail to consider?

Answer 6

The wishes or needs of Africans- disregarding the differences in language, culture/ traditions, and race.

Question 7

How many areas of land did Britain take over?

Answer 7

16

Question 8

How much % of Adrica did Britain control by 1900?

Answer 8

32%

Question 9

Britain’s land ran almost in an unbroken line from ______ in the North, to South _______. Some other lands included _______, Nigeria, Kenya, and Northern and Southern _________ (now Zimbabwe and Zambia).

Answer 9

1. Egypt
2. Africa
3. Sudan
4. Rhodesia

Question 10

Despite the African peoples’ effort to fight, what invention gave the Europeans a major advantage?

Answer 10

The Maxim gun

Question 11

Name an example of a major victory Africans won over a European country:

Answer 11

The Anglo-Zulu War of 1879

Question 12

List 4 ways Africans suffered after defeat:

Answer 12

. Hunger
. Destruction of traditions
. Exploited- forced to work as cheap labour in mines
. Made to work on Britsh-owned farms growing cash crops

Question 13

,.

Question 14

Who were the Boers?

Answer 14

Descendants of Dutch settlers- mostly farmers in southern Africa.

Question 15

What was the name of the Boers colony?

Answer 15

Cape Colony

Question 16

In ____, the British invaded and it became part of the British Empire. The Boers left ____ Colony, headed up _____, and set up two new colonies- the ________ and the _______ Free State.

Answer 16

1. 1806
2. Cape
3. north
4. Transvaal
5. Orange

Question 17

How long did the First Boer War last?

Answer 17

1867- 1881

Question 18

How did the First Boer War begin?

Answer 18

In 1867, after diamonds were discovered in the new Boer states, Britain tried to get the Boers to unite their states with the British ones. The Boers refused.

Question 19

Why did Cecil Rhodes sponsor a plan to overthrow the Boer leader (Paul Kruger) and replace him?

Answer 19

After discovering gold in the Boer states (in 1886), Rhodes opened mins inside British territory. Kruger refused to give the British workers and political rights.

Question 20

How were relations between the British and Boers after Rhodes sponsored a plan to overthrow the Boer leader?

Answer 20

Very tense, in fact, the British placed more troops along the border with the Boer states.

Question 21

When did the Second Boer War begin and how long did it last?

Answer 21

1899-1902

Question 22

List 5 ways in which the Boers won small victories early in the war:

Answer 22

1. Armed with modern guns
2. Skilled fighters- guerilla tactics
3. Mobile on horseback
4. ‘Lived of the land’
5. Helped by some black farmers

Question 23

How did the British respond to their loses in 1900?

Answer 23

They sent half a million troops to fight approximately 50,000 Boer soldiers.

Question 24

Despite the British having high-tech ______, the Boers refused to surrender and carried out dozens of small _____ on British camps, _______, and mines. The British responded savagely.

Answer 24

1. weaponry
2. raids
3. railways

Question 25

Who was the British commander during the Second Boer War?

Answer 25

General Kitchener

Question 26

What did Kitchener decide was the only way to get the Boers to surrender?

Answer 26

The Scorched Earth Policy

Question 27

What was the Scorched Earth Policy?

Answer 27

British soldiers were instructed to burn down Boer settlements, kill the animals, destroy crops, and poison drinking wells.

Question 28

How many Boers were put into concentration camps?

Answer 28

116,000

Question 29

How many Boers died in these concentration camps?

Answer 29

28,000

Question 30

How many black civilians were put into black concentration camps?

Answer 30

130,000

Question 31

How many black civilians died in these black concentration camps?

Answer 31

20,000

Question 32

By ____, both sides were tired and the Boers _________. It was agreed that Boer states would become British ______, but the Boers could make any key decisions.

Answer 32

1. 1902
2. surrendered
3. colonies

Question 33

In 1910, the Boer states joined with _____ ______ and _____ to form the ______ of _____ Africa (part of the British Empire)

Answer 33

1. Cape Colony
2. Natal
3. Union
4. South

Question 34

Rather than a colony, what was South Africa classed as? What did this mean?

Answer 34

It was classed as a dominion, which meant it ran its own affairs.

Question 35

Name 4 consequences Britain faced because of the Boer War.

Answer 35

1. Initially supported as Britain’s largest 20th-century war but this was short-lived
2. Nearly 6,000/ 450,000 British soldiers died in battle
3. Over 1/3 of British army volunteers were physically unfit for military service

Question 36

What measures did the British government introduce once realising most volunteers were unfit for military service?

Answer 36

. Free meals and medical checks in some schools
. Increase in the study of nutrition, food, and child development
. Unemployment benefit or the ‘dole’
. Sickness pay
. Old age pensions

Question 37

What is imperial propaganda?

Answer 37

A government’s attempt to spread a set of ideas and beliefs about empire and conquest.

Question 38

What was spread in relation to the empire to keep public opinions of it and conquering land high?

Answer 38

Jingoism

Question 39

What is jingoism?

Answer 39

The feeling or belief that a person’s country is always right: in favour of aggressive acts against other countries.