Composition 9 Flashcards
ELECTRIC CIRCUIT
- is a conducting path, external to the battery, which allows charge to flow from one terminal to the other
a circuit is said to be complete when electrons flow from the source to the load and then back to the source
*steel and aluminum nails can transfer current
ex. the battery send energy out the negative end which then travels through the wires to the bulb, and back to the positive end of the battery
PARALLEL CIRCUIT
- has two or more paths for current to flow through
- voltage is the same across each component
- each independent path experiences the same voltage drop
SERIES CIRCUIT
- all components are connected end to end to form only one path for electrons to flow through the circuit
- the voltage drop is split between the components depending on their resistances
CONDUCTOR
a material that will let electric charges flow through it
ELECTRICITY
the flow of charge
BATTERY
- gives the force(voltage) that makes the electrons move
- common energy source which converts chemical energy to electrical energy
ENERGY TRANSFORMATION
-the change of energy from one form to another
-many different forms of energy such as electrical, thermal, nuclear, mechanical, electromagnetic, sound, and chemical
-exs. energy transformation in closed circuit using battery
Chemical energy, electrical energy, heat energy, light energy, electrical energy is the correct sequence of energy transformations in the circuit. The energy in the battery starts off as chemical. The chemicals in the battery interact and produce electrons that flow from the negative end of the battery through wires in the form of electrical energy(a flow of electrons). The electrical energy heats the filament in the bulb which produces light. The energy travels from the bulb back to the battery along the wires in the form of electrical energy.
CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
-the ability to do work
a principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can be altered from one form to another
KINETIC ENERGY
energy that a body possesses by virtue of being in motion
- energy that comes from motion
- the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects
POTENTIAL ENERGY
the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, stresses within itself, electric charge, and other factors
- energy related to an object’s potential
- possibility of doing work
- is stored energy and the energy of position
EXOTHERMIC REACTION
-a reaction that results in an increase in temperature
-a reaction in which energy is released
-chemical reaction accompanied by the release of heat
-the result is the release of extra energy
The energy needed for an exothermic reaction to occur is less than the total energy released.
-the system released heat into the surroundings
ENDOTHERMIC REACTION
-the system absorbed heat from the surrounding
LIGHT REFRACTION(bent)
occurs when the transmission of light across a boundary between two media is accompanied by a change in both the speed and wavelength of the wave
when a light wave approaches a boundary, it may change direction and speed up or slow down changing into a wave with a larger or shorter wavelength
LIGHT DISPERSION
the splitting into its different components for example by beaming light into a prism
LIGHT REFLECTION
occurs when the waves encounter a surface or other boundary that does not absorb the energy of the radiation and bounces the waves away from the surface
