Composition 12

Question 1

LIVING ORGANISMS

Answer 1

need nutrients and energy

Question 2

CARBON DIOXIDE

Answer 2

burned carbon
a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration
naturally present in air and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis

Question 3

INHERITED VARIATION

Answer 3

variation in a characteristic that is a result of genetic inheritance from the parents

Question 4

ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION

Answer 4

variation caused by the surroundings

Question 5

DNA/GENES/CHROMOSOMES

Answer 5

• DNA is the chemical material you inherited from your parents
• chromosomes are tightly coiled pieces of DNA
• chromosomes contain hundreds to thousands of genes which tell the cell how to make proteins in your body

a series of DNA is organized into genes. A series of genes are organized into chromosomes

Question 6

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Answer 6

reproducing without interaction of two sexes or genders

generates offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent

Question 7

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Answer 7

two parents contribute genetic information to produce unique offspring
it increases the genetic variability in organisms of the same species
this offers protection against genetic disorders, and allows the best adaptations to be widespread within a species

Question 8

PUNNET SQUARE

Answer 8

a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment

Question 9

DOMINANT TRAIT

Answer 9

a trait that is expressed more often than another trait

they have more of a say of the outcome that cross will be

Question 10

RECESSIVE TRAIT

Answer 10

have little to no say unless there are two recessives available

Question 11

DNA

Answer 11

the primary molecule of inheritance in nearly all organisms; a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that contains the sugar deoxyribose

Question 12

GENE

Answer 12

a sequence of nucleotides that code for a trait; the basic unit of inheritance

Question 13

RNA

Answer 13

molecule exported from the nucleus that carries genetic information for the amino acid sequence of protein

Question 14

RIBOSOME

Answer 14

cellular organelles that are the sites for translation of mRNA into protein

Question 15

AMINO ACID

Answer 15

small molecules that serve as building blocks of protein

Question 16

PROTEIN

Answer 16

a connected series of amino acids that may have up to 20 different kinds of side chains

Question 17

CONVERT DNA INTO PROTEIN

Answer 17

a section of DNA that contains instructions to make a protein is called a gene.
messenger RNA copies the code for a protein from DNA (transcription); takes code to the ribosome where the where the protein will be made; ribosomes read codons, ‘words’ made of three base pairs that tell the ribosome which amino acid to add. the ribosome scans along an mRNA, reading the code while it makes protein. many amino acids linked together make up many different proteins

Question 18

LIFE CYCLE OF A BUTTERFLY

Answer 18

step 1. the egg
step 2. the larva(caterpillar)
step 3.pupa (chrysalis)
inside pupa caterpillar is rapidly changing
step 4.adult butterfly