Composition 12 Flashcards
LIVING ORGANISMS
need nutrients and energy
CARBON DIOXIDE
burned carbon
a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds and by respiration
naturally present in air and is absorbed by plants in photosynthesis
INHERITED VARIATION
variation in a characteristic that is a result of genetic inheritance from the parents
ENVIRONMENTAL VARIATION
variation caused by the surroundings
DNA/GENES/CHROMOSOMES
- DNA is the chemical material you inherited from your parents
- chromosomes are tightly coiled pieces of DNA
- chromosomes contain hundreds to thousands of genes which tell the cell how to make proteins in your body
a series of DNA is organized into genes. A series of genes are organized into chromosomes
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION
reproducing without interaction of two sexes or genders
generates offspring that are genetically identical to a single parent
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION
two parents contribute genetic information to produce unique offspring
it increases the genetic variability in organisms of the same species
this offers protection against genetic disorders, and allows the best adaptations to be widespread within a species
PUNNET SQUARE
a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment
DOMINANT TRAIT
a trait that is expressed more often than another trait
they have more of a say of the outcome that cross will be
RECESSIVE TRAIT
have little to no say unless there are two recessives available
DNA
the primary molecule of inheritance in nearly all organisms; a double-stranded polymer of nucleotides that contains the sugar deoxyribose
GENE
a sequence of nucleotides that code for a trait; the basic unit of inheritance
RNA
molecule exported from the nucleus that carries genetic information for the amino acid sequence of protein
RIBOSOME
cellular organelles that are the sites for translation of mRNA into protein
AMINO ACID
small molecules that serve as building blocks of protein
PROTEIN
a connected series of amino acids that may have up to 20 different kinds of side chains
CONVERT DNA INTO PROTEIN
a section of DNA that contains instructions to make a protein is called a gene.
messenger RNA copies the code for a protein from DNA (transcription); takes code to the ribosome where the where the protein will be made; ribosomes read codons, ‘words’ made of three base pairs that tell the ribosome which amino acid to add. the ribosome scans along an mRNA, reading the code while it makes protein. many amino acids linked together make up many different proteins
LIFE CYCLE OF A BUTTERFLY
step 1. the egg step 2. the larva(caterpillar) step 3.pupa (chrysalis) inside pupa caterpillar is rapidly changing step 4.adult butterfly
