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Chemistry > Complex ions > Flashcards

Complex ions Flashcards

1
Q

Example of a complex ion, and how does it work

A

Anti cancer drug - cis-platin PtCl2(NH3)2
cisplatin bonds to the DNA of cancer cells and stops them replicating

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2
Q

What is a coordinate bond?

A

a dative covalent bond in which one atom donates the shared pair of electrons

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3
Q

What is a complex ion?

A

formed when ligands coordinate (datively covalent) bond to a central metal ion

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4
Q

What is a coordination number?

A

number of coordination bonds to the central metal ion in a complex ion

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5
Q

What is a ligand?

A

a molecule or ion with a lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form a coordinate bond

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6
Q

What is a monodentate ligand?

A

a molecule or ion with 1 lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form 1 coordinate bond

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7
Q

What is a bidentate ligand?

A

a molecule or ion with 2 lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form 2 coordinate bond

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8
Q

What is a hexadentate ligand?

A

a molecule or ion with 6 lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form 6 coordinate bond

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9
Q

Give some examples of monodentate ligands?

A

H2O, NH3, I-, F-, Br-, Cl-, -:C=-N: (cyanide), :C=-O:, -:S-C=-N:

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10
Q

Give some examples of bidentate ligands?

A

ethanediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2) (neutral)
2,2-bipyridine
ethanedioate (-:OCOCOO:-) (charged)

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11
Q

What are the three main types of complex ions?

A

[CU(H2O)6]2+ - 6 co-ordinate, octahedral, 90 bond angle, 2+, water - small ligand
[CuCl4]-2 - 4 co-ordinate, tetrahedral, 109.5 bond angle, chloride - larger ligand
[PtCl4]-2 - 4 co-ordinate, square planar, 90 bond angle, chloride - larger ligand

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12
Q

What is the Ligand exchange reaction for CuSO4? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)

A

TM ion - Cu+2
Complex ion - [Cu(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] blue

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13
Q

What is the Ligand exchange reaction for FeSO4? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)

A

TM ion - Fe+2
Complex ion - [Fe(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] pale green, oxidises to brown

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14
Q

What is the Ligand exchange reaction for FeCl3? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)

A

TM ion - Fe+3
Complex ion - [Fe(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] orange/brown

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15
Q

What is the Ligand exchange reaction for MnSO4? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)

A

TM ion - Mn+2
Complex ion - [Mn(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Mn(OH)2(H2O)4] light brown

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16
Q

What is the Ligand exchange reaction for Cr2(SO4)3? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)

A

TM ion - Cr+3
Complex ion - [Cr(H2O)6]+3
ppt formed - [Cr(OH)3(H2O)3] green, disappears because all water is kicked out

17
Q

What are the observations of CUSO4 with excess NH3?

A

dark blue solution
[Cu(H2O)6]+2 + 4NH3 –> [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]+2 + 4H2O

18
Q

What are the observations of Cr2(SO4)3 with excess NH3?

A

violet solution
[Cr(H2O)6]+3 + 6NH3 –> [Cr(NH3)6]+3 + 6H2O

19
Q

What is the reaction for [Cu(H2O)6]+2 + 4Cl- ?

A

[Cu(H2O)6]+2 + 4Cl- –> [CuCl4]-2 + 6H2O

20
Q

How are haemoglobin Fe+2 complex ions used?

A

between O2 and CO2
Fe+2N4globinO=O + CO2 <—> Fe+2N4globinO=C=O
carbon monoxide poisoning is irreversible ligand exchange between the CO and O2

21
Q

How does Fe+2 turn to Fe+3 and vice versa

A

Fe+2 –> Fe+3 - oxidise, KMnO4- (oxidising agent)
Fe+3 –> Fe+2 - reduce I- –> -2 (reducing agent)

22
Q

What is the reaction for blue copper (II) sulfate + KI?

A

Blue –> brown, White ppt
I- + 2Cu+2 –> I2 + 2CuI

23
Q

What is the reaction for orange potassium dichromate + H2SO4 + KI?

A

orange –> brown
Cr2O7-2 + 14H+ +6I- –> 2Cr+3 + 7H2O + 3I2

24
Q

What is the reaction for green chromium (III) sulfate + NaOH + H2O2?

A

green –>
3H2O2 + 2Cr+2 + 10OH- –> 2CrO4-2 + 8H2O

25
Q

What is the reaction of H2SO4 + red copper (I) oxide?

A

colourless + red –> blue + brown
Cu2O +H2SO4 –> CuSO4 + Cu + H2O

Chemistry (62 decks)

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