Complex ions Flashcards
Example of a complex ion, and how does it work
Anti cancer drug - cis-platin PtCl2(NH3)2
cisplatin bonds to the DNA of cancer cells and stops them replicating
What is a coordinate bond?
a dative covalent bond in which one atom donates the shared pair of electrons
What is a complex ion?
formed when ligands coordinate (datively covalent) bond to a central metal ion
What is a coordination number?
number of coordination bonds to the central metal ion in a complex ion
What is a ligand?
a molecule or ion with a lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form a coordinate bond
What is a monodentate ligand?
a molecule or ion with 1 lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form 1 coordinate bond
What is a bidentate ligand?
a molecule or ion with 2 lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form 2 coordinate bond
What is a hexadentate ligand?
a molecule or ion with 6 lone pair which it donates to a metal ion to form 6 coordinate bond
Give some examples of monodentate ligands?
H2O, NH3, I-, F-, Br-, Cl-, -:C=-N: (cyanide), :C=-O:, -:S-C=-N:
Give some examples of bidentate ligands?
ethanediamine (NH2CH2CH2NH2) (neutral)
2,2-bipyridine
ethanedioate (-:OCOCOO:-) (charged)
What are the three main types of complex ions?
[CU(H2O)6]2+ - 6 co-ordinate, octahedral, 90 bond angle, 2+, water - small ligand
[CuCl4]-2 - 4 co-ordinate, tetrahedral, 109.5 bond angle, chloride - larger ligand
[PtCl4]-2 - 4 co-ordinate, square planar, 90 bond angle, chloride - larger ligand
What is the Ligand exchange reaction for CuSO4? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)
TM ion - Cu+2
Complex ion - [Cu(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Cu(OH)2(H2O)4] blue
What is the Ligand exchange reaction for FeSO4? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)
TM ion - Fe+2
Complex ion - [Fe(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Fe(OH)2(H2O)4] pale green, oxidises to brown
What is the Ligand exchange reaction for FeCl3? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)
TM ion - Fe+3
Complex ion - [Fe(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Fe(OH)3(H2O)3] orange/brown
What is the Ligand exchange reaction for MnSO4? (TM ion present, complex ion, ppt formed)
TM ion - Mn+2
Complex ion - [Mn(H2O)6]+2
ppt formed - [Mn(OH)2(H2O)4] light brown