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Immunology And Serology > Complement System p1 (classical pathway) > Flashcards

Complement System p1 (classical pathway) Flashcards

1
Q

A complex series of more than 30 soluble and cell-bound proteins that interact in a very specific way to enhance host defense mechanism against foreign cells

A

Complement

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2
Q

Is complement a heat-labile or heat-stable substance?

A

Heat-labile

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3
Q

Who gave the term “complement”?

A

Paul Erlich

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4
Q

Who was awarded a Noble Prize for elucidating the nature of complement?

A

Jules Bordet

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5
Q

Effect of complement activation:

A

Activation of immune system
Opsonization (C3b, C4b, C5b)
Lysis of foreign cells and immune complexes

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6
Q

What is the effect of chronic complement activation?

A

Leads to inflammation and tissue damage

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7
Q

Where are acute phase reactants produced?

A

Hepatocytes

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8
Q

The two most common acute phase reactant in the body

A

C-reactive protein
Serum amyloid A

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9
Q

Who signals the production of acute phase reactants in the hepatocytes?

A

Cytokines

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10
Q

What is the response time of the production of acute phase reactants?

A

12-24 hours

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11
Q

Where are most plasma complement protein synthesized?\

A

Liver

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12
Q

All plasma complement protein are synthesized in the liver except:

A

C1

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13
Q

Where is C1 produced?

A

Epithelial cells and Factor D (made in adipose tissue)

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14
Q

Plasma complement protein are released in inactive precursor called:

A

Zymogens

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15
Q

In what ways can the complement system be activated?

A

Classical pathway
Alternative pathway
Lectin pathway

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16
Q

This is an antibody-independent pathway which plays a major role as a natural defense system

A

Classical pathway

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17
Q

Aka properdin system

A

Alternative pathway

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18
Q

Stabilized C3 convertase of the alternative pathway

A

Properdin

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19
Q

This pathway’s major constituent is mannose binding lectin (MBL)

A

Lectin pathway

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20
Q

What triggers the proteins in the classical pathway?

A

Antigen-antibody combination

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21
Q

Where is mannose found?

A

Cell walls
Outer coating of the bacteria, viruses, and protozoa

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22
Q

How many proteins are involved in the classical pathway?

A

9

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23
Q

Which immunoglobulin is the most efficient in the activation of the classical pathway?

A

IgM

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24
Q

Can the IgG activate the classical pathway?

A

Yes

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25
Q

IgGs capable of activating the classical pathway?

A

IgG 1, 2, 3

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26
Q

Most efficient IgG for the complement fixation

A

IgG 3

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27
Q

Meaning of MAC

A

Membrane Attack Complex

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28
Q

What protein is always involved in the recognition stage of the classical pathway?

A

C1

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29
Q

In the classical pathway, after the C1 has been fixed, what proteins are next to be activated?

A

C4, C2, C3

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30
Q

What is the C4, C2, C3 known as?

A

Activation unit

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31
Q

What is the last stage of the classical pathway?

A

Formation of the MAC

32
Q

What should happen in order to produce the mechanism of lysis?

A

C5 protein up to C9 should match to its respective complements

33
Q

What is the end product of the classical pathway?

A

Lysis of the foreign cells

34
Q

What are the subunits that consists the recognition unit in classical pathway?

A

C1q, C1r, C1s

35
Q

What is the complex of the recognition stage in the classical pathway made up of?

A

One C1q
Two C1r
Two C1s

36
Q

Which subunits in the recognition stage of the classical pathway generate enzyme activity to begin the cascade?

37
Q

Composed of six strands that form six globular heads with a collagen like tail portion

38
Q

This protein recognizes the FC region of two adjacent antibody molecules
Binds to the Fc portion of the antibody

39
Q

What should be the conditions for the C1q to initiate the classical pathway?

A

At least two of the globular heads of C1q must be bound

40
Q

Process of the recognition stage of the classical pathway

A

Fc region is bonded with C1q
Activation of C1r
Cleaves the thioester bond of C1s
Activates C1s
End of recognition stage

41
Q

Where does the binding of the C1q to the FC region occur?

A

Ch2 region for IgG
Ch3 region for IgM

42
Q

What are the two adjacent antibody molecule in the classical pathway?

A

IgG and IgM

43
Q

What is the end product of the activation unit of the classical pathway?

A

Formation of C5 convertase

44
Q

What is the second most abundant complement protein?

45
Q

This protein cleaves by C1s to form C4a and C4b

46
Q

What will form if there is a delay in the binding of the C4b to protein which resulted in the reaction with water molecules?

47
Q

What are the proteins mainly involved in the activation unit of the classical pathway?

48
Q

Next component to be activated after C4 in the activation unit of the classical pathway

49
Q

This is closely associated with the gene for factor B (alternative pathway) on chromosome 6 in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC class III)

50
Q

When combined with C4b in the presence of magnesium ions C2 is cleaved by C1s to form:

A

C2a and C2b

51
Q

C2a binds to C4b to form:

A

C3 convertase

52
Q

Aka C3 convertase

53
Q

What is the half life of C4b2a?

A

15 seconds to 3 minutes

54
Q

If binding does occur, C3 is cleaved in to two parts:

55
Q

What is the most significant step in the entire process of complement activation of the classical pathway?

A

Cleavage of C3 component to form C3a and C3b

56
Q

What are the functions of C3b?

A

Formation of MAC
Acts as an opsonin which enhances phagocytosis

57
Q

What new enzyme is created if C3b is bound within 40 nm of the C4b2a?

A

C5 convertase

58
Q

Where is the MHC III gene found?

A

Short hand of the chromosome 6

58
Q

Where is the MHC III gene found?

A

Short hand of the chromosome 6

59
Q

How close should C2 be to be bound to C1s?

60
Q

How close should the C4 be to be bound to C1s?

60
Q

How close should the C4 be to be bound to C1s?

61
Q

Aka C5 convertase

62
Q

What is the. Response time of CRP?

63
Q

What is the response time of Serum Amyloid-A?

64
Q

A small peptide which causes the increase vascular permeability

A

Anaphylatoxins

65
Q

What happens when there is an increase in vascular permeability?

A

Contraction of smooth muscle and release of histamine from the basophils and mast cells

66
Q

What are the proteins involved in the increase vascular permeability?

67
Q

What is the beginning of the MAC?

A

Cleaving of C5 into C5a and C5b by C5 convertase

68
Q

What should happen to achieve lysis?

A

Binding in the c5 and c9

69
Q

What happens when no binding of c6 occurs to the C5b?

A

Inactivated

70
Q

Trimolecular complex that has a high affinity for lipid constituents of the cell membrane

71
Q

They interact with the cell membrane to form a small hole in the membrane

72
Q

This protein is inserted into the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane

73
Q

What constitutes as the complete lysis of the cell?

A

Binding of C9 to C5b678

Immunology And Serology (11 decks)

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