Compendium 1 Questions

Question 1

List the 3 main cavities of the trunk

Answer 1

1- Thoracic
2- Abdominal
3- Pelvic

Question 2

What structure separates the thoracic from the abdominal cavity?

Answer 2

Diaphragm

Question 3

The left and right sides of the thoracic cavity are separated by an area in the middle - what is this called?

Answer 3

Mediastinum

Question 4

What does the mediastinum contain?

Answer 4

Heart
Thymus
Esophagus 
Trachea
Blood vessels + nerves

Question 5

What structures enclose the abdominal cavity?

Answer 5

Enclosed anteriorly by the abdominal muscles: stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, spleen and kidneys

Question 6

What structures enclose the pelvic cavity?

Answer 6

Enclosed by pelvic bones

Contains: urinary bladder, parts of large intestine, internal reproductive organs

Question 7

What quadrant does the appendix lie?

Answer 7

Right lower quadrant

Question 8

Which quadrant is the spleen located?:

Answer 8

Left upper quadrant

Question 9

Which quadrant is the urinary bladder located?

Answer 9

Left and lower quadrants

Question 10

Which region is the liver found

Answer 10

Right hypochondriac and epigastric

Question 11

Which region is the urinary bladder found?

Answer 11

Hypogastric region

Question 12

Which region is the large intestine found?

Answer 12

Left iliac region

Question 13

What conditions would cause organs to move within the abdominalpelvic cavity?

Answer 13

Pregnancy
Central abdominal obesity
Abdominal tumor growth

Question 14

A man is stabbed with a knife in the epigastric region which organs may be damaged?

Answer 14

Liver, stomach, pancreas, major blood vessels

Question 15

Describe the parts formed by frontal/coronal plane

Answer 15

Vertical plane

Separates body into anterior and posterior portions

Question 16

Describe the parts formed by horizontal plane

Answer 16

Separates body into superior and inferior

Runs parallel to the ground

Question 17

Describe the parts formed by Sagittal plane + mid-sagittal

Answer 17

Vertical plane
Separates body into left and right segments
mid-sagittal divides equally
sagittal divides unequally

Question 18

Define anatomy

Answer 18

scientific discipline investigating structure of body parts and how they relate to each other

Question 19

Define physiology

Answer 19

study of the function of living things

Question 20

What are the different levels of anatomy?

Answer 20

1- Gross anatomy: structures studied without a microscope
a) systemic: system by system
b) regional: region by region
2- Surface: study of external form of the body and its relation to deeper structures
3- Microscopic: structures examined with a microscope
4- Developmental: structural changes throughout lifespan

Question 21

What are the levels of physiology

Answer 21

1- molecular
2- cellular
3- systemic
4- neurophysiology

Question 22

Describe the 6 levels of organisation in the body

Answer 22

1- Chemical: atoms -> molecules
2- Cellular: molecules -> organelles
3- Tissue: numerous cells -> tissue
4- Organ: tissues -> organ
5- Organ system: multiple organs with similar function -> organ system
6- Organisms: multiple organ systems -> organism

Question 23

List the 6 characteristics of organisms

Answer 23

1- organisation 
2- metabolism 
3- responsiveness
4- growth 
5- development
6- reproduction

Question 24

Define homeostasis

Answer 24

Maintenance of relatively constant internal environment despite the fluctuations in the external environment

Question 25

List characteristics of anatomical position

Answer 25

Erect person:

• face directed forward
• arms hanging by the sides
• palms facing forward
  supine: person lying up
  prone: person lying face down

Question 26

List the directional terms to identify body parts

Answer 26

1- superior: towards the head
2- inferior: towards the tail
3- anterior: toward the front
4- posterior: toward the back
5- proximal: nearest from point of attachment
6- distal: distant from point of attachment
7- medial: toward mid-line of the body
8- lateral: away from the mid-line of the body
9- superficial: close to surface of..
10- deep: towards interior of..

Question 27

Describe the parts formed by the transverse plane

Answer 27

divides body into superior and inferior

Question 28

What are the regions used to identify the location of organs? (right to left)

Answer 28

1- right hypochondriac 
2- epigastric 
3- left hypochondriac 
4- right lumbar
5- umbilical 
6- left lumbar 
7- right iliac 
8- hypogastric 
8- left iliac

Question 29

Describe the properties of serous membranes

Answer 29

• serosa
• lines cavities and covers organs
• serous fluid produced by the membrane fills the cavity between the two layers
• serous fluid acts as a lubricant between organ and body wall

Question 30

Describe the location and function of serous membranes

Answer 30

1- heart: pericardium 
2- lungs and thoracic cavity: pleura 
3- abdominopelvic cavity: peritoneum 
2 layers: 
a) parietal - lines cavity
b) visceral - lines organs