1- Human Body Flashcards
Define the terms: Anatomy and Physiology
Anatomy: Discipline investigates structure of body parts and how they relate to each other
Physiology: Study of function of living things
Different levels of anatomy
1- Gross anatomy
2- Surface
3- Microscopic
4- Developmental
Different levels of physiology
1- Molecular
2- Cellular
3- Systemic
4- Neurophysiology
Six levels of organisation in the body
chemical cellular tissue organ organ system organisms
Six characteristics of organisms
organisation metabolism responsiveness growth development reproduction
Characteristics of anatomical position
erect person;
- face directed forward
- arms by the side
- palms facing forward
supine: person lying face up
prone: person lying face down
DT: Superior; cephalic + example
Toward the head
Head is superior to the neck
DT: Inferior; caudal + example
Toward the tail
Pelvis inferior to the stomach
DT: Anterior; ventral + example
Toward the front
Breast anterior to the spine
DT: Posterior; dorsal + example
Toward the back
ankle posterior to the toe
DT: Proximal + example
Nearest to point of attachment
elbow proximal to the wrist
DT: Distal + example
Distant from point of attachment
fingers distal to the wrist
DT: Medial + example
Toward the mid-line of the body
Nose medial to the eyes
DT: Lateral + example
Away from the mid-line of the body
ears lateral to the lips
DT: Superficial + example
Close to the surface of…
epidermis superficial to the dermis
DT: Deep + example
Towards the interior of
Bone is deep to the adipose tissue
Body Planes
Sagittal Mid sagittal Frontal/coronal transverse oblique
What are the major body cavities
Thoracic
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity (abdominal + pelvic cavity)
What are the quadrants
Right + left upper
Right + left lower
What the the regions
Right hypochondriac Left hypochondriac Epigastric Right lumbar Left lumbar Umbilical Right iliac Left iliac Hypogastric
What organs are found at each region?
Right hypochondriac : small intestine, right kidney
Left hypochondriac: pancreas, left kidney, colon
Epigastric: adrenal glands, duodenum, liver
Right lumbar: Right colon, gall bladder
Left lumbar: Left kidney, descending colon
Umbilical: duodenum, ileum, jejunum, umbilicus
Right iliac: cecum, appendix
Left iliac: signmoid colon, descending colon
Hypogastric: urinary bladder, female reproductive organs
Properties of serous membranes
- serosa
- lines cavities and cover organs within the cavities
- serous fluid produced by membrane fills cavity between two layers
- serous fluid acts as a lubricant
- 2 layers: parietal (cavity) and visceral (organs)
Describe the location of serous membranes
Heart = pericardium
Lungs and thoracic = pleura
abdominalpelvic cavity = peritoneum
