comparison of approaches Flashcards
Views on Development: the processes that underpin learning are continuous
behaviourist
Nature vs. Nurture: babies are blank slates at birth and all behaviour is learned from the environment
behaviourist
Reductionist: reduces complex learning into stimulus-response units
behaviourist
Determinism: all behaviour is environmentally determined by external forces we cannot control
behaviourist
abnormality rises from faulty learning processes
behaviourist
Views on Development: the processes that underpin learning are continuous
social learning
Nature vs. Nurture: all behaviour is learned from the environment with the addition of imitation and observation
social learning
Reductionist: recognises how cognitive factors interact with the external environment
social learning
Determinist: we are influenced by our environment but also act upon it (reciprocal determinism)
social learning
modelling explains abnormal behaviour such as aggression
social learning
Development: stage theory to development, belief that a child’s schema becomes more complex as they grow
cognitive
Nature vs. Nurture: many of our information processes and schema are innate but refined by the environment
cognitive
Reductionism: use of the computer analogy that ignores the effects of stimuli such as emotion
cognitive
Determinsim: suggests we can choose our behaviour, but only within the limits of what we already know
cognitive
CBT used to treat abnormalities such as Depression, to eradicate faulty thinking
cognitive
Development: all behaviour is influenced by expression of genetics
biological
Nature vs. Nurture: all behaviour comes from our gentetic blueprint (genotype) but the expression of this is influenced by our phentoype
biological
Reductionism: reduces and explains all human behaviour to genetic and neurone level
biological
Determinism: most of our behaviour is governed by genetically innate influences (genetic determinism)
biological
psychoactive drugs to regulate chemical imbalances in the brain
biological
Development: most coherent theory of development where stages are connected to ages, there is no change after the genital stage
psychodynamic
Nature vs. Nurture: most of our behaviour is driven by innate biological elements but relationship with the parents is crucial
psychodynamic
Reductionism: reduces behaviour to the influence of biological drives but also sees personality as holistic interaction between Id, Ego, and Superego
psychodynamic
Determinism: unconscious thoughts drive our behaviour (psychic determinism) and these are rationalised by our conscious mind
psychodynamic
abnormality stems from unconscious conflicts and overuse of defence mechanisms, psychoanalysis aims to put people in touch with their unconscious
psychodynamic
Development: ongoing throughout life, childhood is crucial
humanistic
Nature vs. Nurture: parents, friends and wider society have a critical impact on a person’s self-concept
humanistic
Reductionist: aims to be anti-reductionist and takes a fully holistic approach to the individual
humanistic
Determinism: all humans have free-will and are active agents in their own lives and determine their own development
humanistic
humanistic therapy, is based on the idea that reducing incongruence will stimulate personal growth and reduce mental abnormalities
humanistic
