biopsychology Flashcards
identified the part of the left frontal lobe where speech production is located
broca
identified the part of the left temporal lobe where language understanding is located
wernicke
studied 44 people with OCD that had a cingulotomy and found that 30% met the criteria for successful response and 14% had a partial success
dougherty
used brain scans to show that during a listening task there was more activity in wernicke’s area and during a reading task there was more activity in broca’s area
petersen
suggested that semantic and episodic memories were located in different parts of the prefrontal cortex
tulving
removed up to 50% of rats cortex while learning a maze and concluded that learning is more holistic than localised
lashley
found that only a few psychologists today believe that language is confined to broca and wernicke’s areas
dick and tremblay
split brain research to show that certain functions in the brain are lateralised and the hemispheres have different properties (LH is verbal, RH is emotional)
sperry
analysed1000 brain scans to conclude that while people did use different hemispheres for different tasks, there is no dominance between the hemispheres
nielsen
showed that split brain participants were better than the normal control group at some tasks because the LH wasn’t “watered down” by the RH, this supports sperry’s research
luck
found more grey matter in the posterior hippocampus (for navigational skills) of london taxi drivers than in a matched control group
maguire
imaged the brains of students 3 months before and after final exams and found learning-induced changes in both the posterior hippocampus and parietal cortex
draganski
showed how even at an older age, 40 hours of golf training still produced changes in neural processes
bezzola
found that the more education you had prior to a brain injury increases your likelihood of fully recovering, 40% DFR after 16 years of education compared to 10% for 12 years
schneider
showed how treatment with stem cells can lead to a full recovery after a stroke but had a very small sample size so findings could not be generalised
banerjee
demonstrated a free-running circadian rhythm of about 25 hours through his case studies of spending long times in a cave
siffre
studied a group of people’s response to increasing the length of the day, found that all but one participants had a difficult time adjusting suggesting that the circadian rhythm is extremely strong
folkard
found that shift workers experience a lapse in concentration at around 6am (circadian trough) suggesting that ignoring the circadian rhythm may have economic implications
boivin
suggested that it might not be biological factors that cause the adverse effects of shift work through his research that high divorce rates in shift workers is related to missing out on important events
solomon
put forward evidence for application of circadian rhythms to medical treatment by finding out aspirin is best taken last thing at night
bonten
studied 29 women with irregular periods and found that after introducing the pheromones of other women, 68% experienced cycle changes that closely resembled the pheromone “donor”
stern and mcclintock
found that while light therapy can have a positive affect on SAD, when used in conjunction with CBT, only 27% relapsed over successive winters compared to 46% in those that only had light therapy
rohan
suggested that reduced sleep may be the cause of impairments in old age which helped in the development of methods to improve Slow Wave Sleep
cauter
suggested that there are biologically determined differences between sleep stages 3 and 4 after seeing large differences between participants
tucker
destroyed SCN connections in 29 chipmunks, their sleep/wake mechanisms were destroyed and many died in the wild due to predators
decoursey
bred mutant hamsters with a 20 hour sleep/wake cycle, this was possible by transplanting fetal SCN tissue into normal hamsters
ralph
woke 15 participants and shone lights into the backs on their knees, producing a sleep/wake variation of up to 3 hours. this suggests that the SCN does not rely on the eyes
campbell and murphy
showed how changing feeding patterns in rats can alter the liver’s internal clock for up to 12 hours, suggests that there are other complex influences on the sleep/wake cycle aside from the SCN
damiola
reported the case of a blind man who had an abnormal circadian rhythm of 24.9 hours that could not be changed by social cues
miles
found that insomnia in older people could be managed if there was an increase in activity and sunlight during the day
hood
