biopsychology

Question 1

identified the part of the left frontal lobe where speech production is located

Answer 1

broca

Question 2

identified the part of the left temporal lobe where language understanding is located

Answer 2

wernicke

Question 3

studied 44 people with OCD that had a cingulotomy and found that 30% met the criteria for successful response and 14% had a partial success

Answer 3

dougherty

Question 4

used brain scans to show that during a listening task there was more activity in wernicke’s area and during a reading task there was more activity in broca’s area

Answer 4

petersen

Question 5

suggested that semantic and episodic memories were located in different parts of the prefrontal cortex

Answer 5

tulving

Question 6

removed up to 50% of rats cortex while learning a maze and concluded that learning is more holistic than localised

Answer 6

lashley

Question 7

found that only a few psychologists today believe that language is confined to broca and wernicke’s areas

Answer 7

dick and tremblay

Question 8

split brain research to show that certain functions in the brain are lateralised and the hemispheres have different properties (LH is verbal, RH is emotional)

Answer 8

sperry

Question 9

analysed1000 brain scans to conclude that while people did use different hemispheres for different tasks, there is no dominance between the hemispheres

Answer 9

nielsen

Question 10

showed that split brain participants were better than the normal control group at some tasks because the LH wasn’t “watered down” by the RH, this supports sperry’s research

Answer 10

luck

Question 11

found more grey matter in the posterior hippocampus (for navigational skills) of london taxi drivers than in a matched control group

Answer 11

maguire

Question 12

imaged the brains of students 3 months before and after final exams and found learning-induced changes in both the posterior hippocampus and parietal cortex

Answer 12

draganski

Question 13

showed how even at an older age, 40 hours of golf training still produced changes in neural processes

Answer 13

bezzola

Question 14

found that the more education you had prior to a brain injury increases your likelihood of fully recovering, 40% DFR after 16 years of education compared to 10% for 12 years

Answer 14

schneider

Question 15

showed how treatment with stem cells can lead to a full recovery after a stroke but had a very small sample size so findings could not be generalised

Answer 15

banerjee

Question 16

demonstrated a free-running circadian rhythm of about 25 hours through his case studies of spending long times in a cave

Answer 16

siffre

Question 17

studied a group of people’s response to increasing the length of the day, found that all but one participants had a difficult time adjusting suggesting that the circadian rhythm is extremely strong

Answer 17

folkard

Question 18

found that shift workers experience a lapse in concentration at around 6am (circadian trough) suggesting that ignoring the circadian rhythm may have economic implications

Answer 18

boivin

Question 19

suggested that it might not be biological factors that cause the adverse effects of shift work through his research that high divorce rates in shift workers is related to missing out on important events

Answer 19

solomon

Question 20

put forward evidence for application of circadian rhythms to medical treatment by finding out aspirin is best taken last thing at night

Answer 20

bonten

Question 21

studied 29 women with irregular periods and found that after introducing the pheromones of other women, 68% experienced cycle changes that closely resembled the pheromone “donor”

Answer 21

stern and mcclintock

Question 22

found that while light therapy can have a positive affect on SAD, when used in conjunction with CBT, only 27% relapsed over successive winters compared to 46% in those that only had light therapy

Answer 22

rohan

Question 23

suggested that reduced sleep may be the cause of impairments in old age which helped in the development of methods to improve Slow Wave Sleep

Answer 23

cauter

Question 24

suggested that there are biologically determined differences between sleep stages 3 and 4 after seeing large differences between participants

Answer 24

tucker

Question 25

destroyed SCN connections in 29 chipmunks, their sleep/wake mechanisms were destroyed and many died in the wild due to predators

Answer 25

decoursey

Question 26

bred mutant hamsters with a 20 hour sleep/wake cycle, this was possible by transplanting fetal SCN tissue into normal hamsters

Answer 26

ralph

Question 27

woke 15 participants and shone lights into the backs on their knees, producing a sleep/wake variation of up to 3 hours. this suggests that the SCN does not rely on the eyes

Answer 27

campbell and murphy

Question 28

showed how changing feeding patterns in rats can alter the liver’s internal clock for up to 12 hours, suggests that there are other complex influences on the sleep/wake cycle aside from the SCN

Answer 28

damiola

Question 29

reported the case of a blind man who had an abnormal circadian rhythm of 24.9 hours that could not be changed by social cues

Answer 29

miles

Question 30

found that insomnia in older people could be managed if there was an increase in activity and sunlight during the day

Answer 30

hood