Common Sense Model of Treatment Flashcards
What processes are involved in self-regulation of health & illness?
+ Problem solving (interpretation, coping, appraisal)
+ Homeostasis
+ Self-regulation model/concept
What does the CSM of self-regulation assume about the individual?
+ A common-sense scientist/problem solver trying to make sense of a health threat (INTERPRETATION)
+ Selects methods to deal with the threat (COPING)
+ Evaluates the effectiveness of his/her actions in coping with the threat (APPRAISAL)
What are the components of the CSM for treatment?
\+ Representation of the illness risk \+ Coping procedures: Danger control \+ Coping procedures: Fear control \+ Emotional reactions e.g fear, worry \+ Appraisal \+ Health messages
What are the components of illness representations/beliefs/cognitions?
\+ Identity \+ Cause \+ Timeline \+ Consequences \+ Cure/control
Why are illness beliefs useful?
Provide patients with a framework for coping and understanding their illness:
- UNDERSTAND how different people make sense of different illnesses
- PREDICT health behaviours (medication adherence e.g hypertension)
- CHANGE health behaviours; improved functional outcome (e.g recivery from MI)
What are aspects involved in treatment of chronic diseases?
+ Management of chronic diseases (a substantial cost to healthcare e.g CHD, diabetes, asthma)
+ Good treatment outcomes depend on good medical care AND on SELF-MANAGEMENT
+ SELF-MANAGEMENT relies on appropriate use of medicines by individual i.e adherence
+ ADHERENCE = vital for optimal treatment outcomes
What is an example of a self-management treatment?
Inhaler - nonadherence is high
What factors contribute to treatment adherence?
Ability:
- misundertanding, forgetting, saily schedule diffuculties, physical impairment
Motivation:
- motivation to engage in & maintain health-related behaviours
Beliefs (focus on patients ‘treatment beliefs):
- influence the interpretation of information and experiences and in turn guide behaviour
What are the 2 categories that beliefs about prescribed medicines can be grouped under?
+ Necessity: personal need for treatment
+ Concerns: about -ve effects of treatment
Discuss the features of treatment belief concerns?
+ Treatment concerns can be concrete, abstract, relevent across range of disease states, cultures:
- experiences of unpleasant symptoms, ‘side effects’
- disruptive effects of medication on daily living
- worries that medication could lead to long-term effects
\+ May be specific to a particular class of medicine - 'regular use of analgesic medication now will make it less effective in the future'
What is determined by cost-benefit analyses?
Adherence
What is cost-benefit analysis?
Relative analysis of treatment beliefs:
- necessity beliefs vs concerns
Treatment beliefs are strong predictors of reported treatment adherence - give examples of chronic illnesses relevant to this:
\+ Asthma \+ Diabetes \+ Kidney disease \+ Coronary heart disease \+ Cancer \+ HIV \+ Haemophilia
Discuss asthma in relation to addherence/treatment beliefs
+ Can be controlled by ICS
+ Poorly controlled asthma poses considerable burden, low adherence rates
+ Patients self-management strongly infulences by common-sense beliefs
+ Patients more likely to doubt necessity of treatment if it doesn’t align with their comon-sense understanding
What are some key points about the CSM of treatment?
+ Many patients have beliefs about treatment/medication
+ Treatment beliefs are important determinants of adherence
+The CSM has been used in and supported by research on a number of chronic diseases and has major implications for medical practice
+ Fits with the shift from a ‘doctor-centred’ to ‘patient-centred’ approach to helthcare
- e.g communicating the relative benefits and risks (of treatment) to patients to facilitate informed adherence
What does awareness of patients’ treatment beliefs do?
Offers potential for enhanced understanding of patients’ response to illness and treatment:
- a tailer approach to treatment
What is the benefit/function of the ‘necessity-concerns’ construct?
‘Necessity-concerns’ construct provides framework for key beliefs relating to adherence within the context of self-regulation
