Common Sense Model of Treatment Flashcards
What processes are involved in self-regulation of health & illness?
+ Problem solving (interpretation, coping, appraisal)
+ Homeostasis
+ Self-regulation model/concept
What does the CSM of self-regulation assume about the individual?
+ A common-sense scientist/problem solver trying to make sense of a health threat (INTERPRETATION)
+ Selects methods to deal with the threat (COPING)
+ Evaluates the effectiveness of his/her actions in coping with the threat (APPRAISAL)
What are the components of the CSM for treatment?
\+ Representation of the illness risk \+ Coping procedures: Danger control \+ Coping procedures: Fear control \+ Emotional reactions e.g fear, worry \+ Appraisal \+ Health messages
What are the components of illness representations/beliefs/cognitions?
\+ Identity \+ Cause \+ Timeline \+ Consequences \+ Cure/control
Why are illness beliefs useful?
Provide patients with a framework for coping and understanding their illness:
- UNDERSTAND how different people make sense of different illnesses
- PREDICT health behaviours (medication adherence e.g hypertension)
- CHANGE health behaviours; improved functional outcome (e.g recivery from MI)
What are aspects involved in treatment of chronic diseases?
+ Management of chronic diseases (a substantial cost to healthcare e.g CHD, diabetes, asthma)
+ Good treatment outcomes depend on good medical care AND on SELF-MANAGEMENT
+ SELF-MANAGEMENT relies on appropriate use of medicines by individual i.e adherence
+ ADHERENCE = vital for optimal treatment outcomes
What is an example of a self-management treatment?
Inhaler - nonadherence is high
What factors contribute to treatment adherence?
Ability:
- misundertanding, forgetting, saily schedule diffuculties, physical impairment
Motivation:
- motivation to engage in & maintain health-related behaviours
Beliefs (focus on patients ‘treatment beliefs):
- influence the interpretation of information and experiences and in turn guide behaviour
What are the 2 categories that beliefs about prescribed medicines can be grouped under?
+ Necessity: personal need for treatment
+ Concerns: about -ve effects of treatment
Discuss the features of treatment belief concerns?
+ Treatment concerns can be concrete, abstract, relevent across range of disease states, cultures:
- experiences of unpleasant symptoms, ‘side effects’
- disruptive effects of medication on daily living
- worries that medication could lead to long-term effects
\+ May be specific to a particular class of medicine - 'regular use of analgesic medication now will make it less effective in the future'
What is determined by cost-benefit analyses?
Adherence
What is cost-benefit analysis?
Relative analysis of treatment beliefs:
- necessity beliefs vs concerns
Treatment beliefs are strong predictors of reported treatment adherence - give examples of chronic illnesses relevant to this:
\+ Asthma \+ Diabetes \+ Kidney disease \+ Coronary heart disease \+ Cancer \+ HIV \+ Haemophilia
Discuss asthma in relation to addherence/treatment beliefs
+ Can be controlled by ICS
+ Poorly controlled asthma poses considerable burden, low adherence rates
+ Patients self-management strongly infulences by common-sense beliefs
+ Patients more likely to doubt necessity of treatment if it doesn’t align with their comon-sense understanding
What are some key points about the CSM of treatment?
+ Many patients have beliefs about treatment/medication
+ Treatment beliefs are important determinants of adherence
+The CSM has been used in and supported by research on a number of chronic diseases and has major implications for medical practice
+ Fits with the shift from a ‘doctor-centred’ to ‘patient-centred’ approach to helthcare
- e.g communicating the relative benefits and risks (of treatment) to patients to facilitate informed adherence
