Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What are the factors that favour resolution?
+ Minimal cell death
+ Occurrence in organ or tissue with regenerative capacity e.g liver
+ Rapid destruction of causal agent
+ Rapid removal of exudate and debris by good local vascular drainage
What is “Organisation”
The replacement of destroyed tissue with granulation tissue
What are the factors favouring organisation?
+ Large amounts of fibrin
+ Substantial necrosis
+ Exudate and debris cannot be removed or discharged
What is inflammatory exudate replaced by during organisation?
And which growth factors regulate it?
+ Capillaries
+ Macrophages (inflammatory cells)
+ Fibroblasts (myofibroblasts)
+ Collagen
+TNF
+EGF
+FGF
Give an example of Primary Chronic Inflammation (1/6)
Resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intercellular killing
E.g tuberculosis, leprosy, brucellosis, viral infections
Give an example of Primary Chronic Inflammation (2/6)
Foreign body reactions to endogenous materials
E.g gout (may be acute or chronic)
Give an example of Primary Chronic Inflammation (3/6)
Foreign body reactions to exogenous materials
E.g asbestos
Give an example of Primary Chronic Inflammation (4/6
Some autoimmune diseases
E.g rheumatoid arthritis
Give an example of Primary Chronic Inflammation (5/6)
Specific diseases of unknown aetiology
E.g ulcerative colitis
Give an example of Primary Chronic Inflammation (6/6)
Primary granulomatous diseases
E.g sarcoidosis
What are the factors favouring progression from acute Inflammation to Chronic Inflammation?
+ Indigestible substances
+ Deep seated suppurative Inflammation where drainage is delayed or inadequate (thick abscess wall, fibrous/granulation tissue, pus becomes organised, forms fibrous scar)
+ Recurrent episodes of acute inflammation and healing may eventually result in the clinicopathological entity of chronic inflammation
What is osteomyelitis?
A chronic abscess which is extremely difficult to eradicate
What is chronic cholecystitis?
It is the replacement of the wall by fibrous tissue. Lymphocytes > neutrophils
What does chronic inflammation look like?
+ Chronic ulcer
- mucosa breached
- base lined by granulation tissue
- fibrous tissue throughout muscle
+ Chronic abscess cavity e.g osteomyelitis, empyema thoracis
+ Thickening of the wall of a hollow viscus
+ Granulomatous Inflammation e.g TB
+ Fibrosis
Describe the cells of Chronic Inflammation
Chronic Inflammation is an inflammatory process in which lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages predominate.
Usually accompanied by the formation of granulation tissue resulting in fibrosis.
