Common drugs (suffixes) Flashcards
-dipine, -pamil, -zem
uses? contraindications? SE? monitor?
Calcium channel blocker (CCB)
nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil, diltiazem
~ given for a-fib, a-flutter, HTN
~ not given to pt w/ ♡ block, contracting prob (HF)
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
~ SE: peripheral edema, may ↑ HF
~ monitor BP and HR before and after admin (hold for SBP <100, DBP <60, HR <60), monitor heart rhythm
-afil
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching?
Erectile dysfunction
sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil
~ NO NITRO; NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE and ALCOHOL
~ do not give w/ other vasodilating agents (it will lower BP even further)
~ go to ER if erection > 4 HOURS
-caine
uses? toxicity effects?
Anesthetics
lidocaine, xylocaine
~ nerve blocks
~ toxicity effects (metallic taste in mouth, ringing in ears, tingling feet, blurry/double vision, shaking, low HR and RR)
-pril
SE? contraindications?
ACE inhibitor
Vasodilators
captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
~ Angioedema (swelling of face/mouth/tongue) - give EPI!
~ Cough (may switch to ARBs)
~ Elevated potassium
~ NOT used during pregnancy (used CCBs instead)
-sartan
monitor? contraindications?
ARBs
losartan, valsartan, irbesartan
~ monitor BP
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
-pam, -lam
uses? contraindications? SE? monitor?
Benzodiazepine
alprazolam (Xanax), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan)
~ Anti-anxiety/CNS depressants
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE; NO ALCOHOL/other CNS depressants
~ ↑ risk for dependency
~ older clients may have “hangover” effects in the AM, at risk for fall
~ Hepatotoxic and Nephrotoxic
-statin
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching? monitor?
Antilipidemic
atorvastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin
~ lower cholesterol (↓ LDL, ↑ HDL)
~ Reduces risk for chest pain, stroke, heart attack, or certain heart and blood vessel problems.
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE (↑ toxicity)
~ DO NOT USE w/ pts with liver disease; do not use during pregnancy
~ stop and report muscle pain -> rhabdomyolysis (skeletal muscle breakdown)
~ take with food and at bedtime; consume 2-3 L of fluid daily; increase fiber
-sone, -solone
PO? Inhalation?
uses? contraindications? teaching?
Corticosteroid
PO: prednisone, prednisolone, betamethasone
Inhalation: beclomethasone dipropionate, fluticasone
~ ↓ inflammation and immune response
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE and limit caffeine, give w/ food in the AM to ↓ GI upset
~ NEVER abruptly discontinued (cause Addisonian crisis)
~ Long-term use cause: Osteoporosis, Cushing syndrome (moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae)
-olol
beta 1? beta 1 and 2?
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching? monitor?
Beta Blocker
Beta 1: metoprolol, atenolol
Beta 1 and 2: propranolol, nadolol, labetalol
~ anti-hypertensive; Help decrease anxiety and tremors
~ DO NOT GIVE propranolol (Inderal) to asthmatics–cause bronchospasm
~ NOT given to pt w/ ♡ block
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
~ SE: bradycardia, bronchospasm w/ propranolol (Inderal)
~ assess pulse and BP prior (hold for SBP <100, HR <60)
~ Monitor BG (mask hypoglycemia s/sx–no tachycardia, sweating)
-cillin
uses? SE? teaching? observe?
Penicillin
amoxicillin, ampicillin
~ anti-infective
~ Monitor allergies
~ Stay w/ pt
~ yeast infections may occur
~ observe for anaphylaxis and GI probs
-ide
- Oral hypoglycemic*
Biguanides: metformin, glyburide, glipizide
~ use w/ diet and exercise
~ “If sugar’s high, you’re riding high”
-prazole
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching?
Proton pump inhibitor (PPI)
pantoprazole (Protonix), esomeprazole, omeprazole, lansoprazole
~ ↓ 100% stomach acid production (long-term)
~ Avoid alcohol, NSAIDS, smoking, caffeine
~ Long-term use causes osteoporosis
~ give on empty stomach in between meals and; at bedtime
-vir, -vudine
uses? contraindications? teaching?
Antiviral
acyclovir, valacyclovir HCl, zidovudine
~ uses: HIV, shingles, herpes, viral infections
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
~ Flu-like sx; bone marrow effects
-ase
uses? contraindications? administration?
Thrombolytic Fibronolytic (Antiplatelets)
alteplase (tPA), reteplase, streptokinase (Streptase)
~ dissolve clots
~ uses: MI, DVT, PE, Ischemic stroke
~ DO NOT USE: intracranial hemorrhage, active internal bleeding, aortic dissection, brain tumors
~ Administration within 4-6 hr (MI) and 3-4 hr (CVA)
-azine, -tron,
uses? teaching?
Antiemetic
promethazine, ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron, netupitant/palonosetron
~ for N/V
~ take 1 hr before chemo and radiation
-phylline
uses? contraindications? SE? monitor?
Bronchodilator
aminophylline, theophylline
~ Dilate airway and fill in air in lungs
~ therapeutic effect: 10-20
~ avoid use of rectal suppositories (increased risk of toxicity)
~ SE: tachycardia
~ watch for hypotension, arrhythmias, convulsions
-arin
uses? contraindications? SE? monitor?
Anticoagulant
warfarin (Coumadin), heparin, enoxaparin
~ ‘blood thinners” — prevent/reduce coagulation of blood, prolong clot time
~ Dilantin ↓ effectiveness of warfarin
~ 4 G’s prolong bleeding - Ginkgo (for memory); Ginger (GI); Ginseng (for memory, ↑ stamina); Garlic (lower BP and cholesterol)
~ warfarin: monitor/check PT, INR
antidote: phytonadione (Vitamin K)
~ heparin: monitor/check aPTT
antidote: protamine sulfate
-tidine
uses? teaching?
Antiulcer
H2 receptor antagonists – ranitidine HCl (Zantac), famotidine (Pepcid), cimetidine (Tagamet)
~ “out to dine”
~ ↓ 40% stomach acid production
~ DO NOT crush/chew/break tablets
-zine
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching?
Antihistamine
cetirizine, diphenhydramine, loratadine
~ If you have a sting, allergies, anaphylaxis
~ AVOID alcohol
~ SE: drowsiness
~ take w/ food; eat candy if mouth’s dry, avoid driving
-cycline
teaching?
Antibiotic
Tetracyclines: tetracycline Hcl, doxycycline calcium
~ use backup barrier contraceptives (condoms) b/c it interferes with oral contraceptives
~ avoid sun exposure (use sunscreen and protective clothing)
~ permanent tooth discoloration if given to children <8 yo
~ avoid antacids and dairy products
-mycin
contraindications? Adv. SE? monitor?
Aminoglycoside
gentamicin sulfate, erythromycin, streptomycin, vancomycin
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
~ OTOTOXIC – report tinnitus (ringing in ear), vertigo, hearing loss
~ NEPHROTOXIC – drink plenty of fluids
~ monitor BUN (10-20) and creatinine (0.6 - 1.2)
-floxacin
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching? monitor?
Antibiotic
Fluoroquinolones: ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
~ uses: bronchitis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, PID, UTI, pneumonia, prostatitis, sinusitis
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
~ caution w/ hepatic, renal, seizure disorders
~ teach pt (tendon rupture in runners, tennis players–avoid 2-3 wks)
~ drink plenty of fluids to prevent crystalluria
~ do not take antacids, use sunscreen
~ best if given on empty stomach
-tyline
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching? monitor?
Tricyclic antidepressants
amitriptyline, nortriptyline
~ DO NOT administer w/ MAOIs or St. John’s wort
~ Avoid alcohol
~ NOT given to pts w/ ♡ probs and seizure disorders (↓ threshold); *sensitive to sunburn! (Also with tetracyclics)
~ SE: cardiac dysrhythmias, ortho hypo, anticholinergic fx (sexual desire, dry mouth, urinary retention, and tachycardia
~ if you stop taking, start a new one after 2 weeks
~ Signs of TOXICITY: 3 C’s: Coma, Convulsions, Cardiotoxicity (widened QRS)
~ Antidote: sodium bicarbonate (baking soda)
~can cause arrhythmias, changes in HR, and BP fluctuations including orthostatic hypotension. A client’s cardiovascular status should always be evaluated prior to starting this category of medication to determine the presence of pre-existing cardiac conditions
-pram, -ine, -tine, -line, -zodone
uses? contraindications? SE? teaching? monitor?
SSRI/SNRI
SSRI: citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram – It regulates serotonin, a neurotransmitter
SNRI: duloxetine, venlafaxine
ANTI-DEPRESSANTS
~ DO NOT USE St. John’s wort – causes serotonin syndrome
~ avoid alcohol, do not discontinue abruptly
~ SE: SSRI (wt gain, sexual dysfunction, increased sweating)
~ SSRI: Monitor for serotonin syndrome (agitation, confusion, hallucinations) within first 72 hr
_______
*vilazodone
antidepressant
**suicidal ideation, dizziness, drowsiness, monitor patients with a hx of seizures for increased activity, no grapefruit juice
-erol
uses?
Bronchodilators (rapid-acting)
albuterol
~ rescue drug for ASTHMA; dilates airways
~ Cough -> puff
~ Hold on 10 seconds
~ Wait 1 min between puffs
~ If a different drug, wait 5 mins between each puff
-dronate
uses? teaching? monitor?
Bisphosphonate
alendronate, risedronate, ibandronate, zoledronate
~ for OSTEOPOROSIS
~ take in the AM, 30 min before other meds or food and remain upright
~ engage in weight-bearing activities
~ monitor Calcium levels and watch for s/sx of hypocalcemia
Saw palmetto
use for BPH
Aripriprazole
Antipsychotic
~ NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE
~ Antipsychotic, not a PPI
~ ↓ delusional thoughts
Vasodilators
rapidly drop BP
Alpha 2 Agonists
contraindicated w/ anticoagulants
Meds toxic to LIVER
~ NO ALCOHOL –watch for dysfunction (jaundice)
~ -pam, -lam (benzo)
~ -nazole (antifungal)
~ -bicin, -mustine, -tinib (cancer/tumor meds)
~ NSAIDS ketorolac (Toradol), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen sodium (Anaprox, Aleve), meloxicam (Mobic)
~ glitazone (type 2 DM meds)
~ -statins
Meds toxic to KIDNEYS
~ -pam, -lam (benzo)
~ -bicin, -mustine, -tinib (cancer/tumor meds)
~ -mycin, -micin (aminoglycoside abx)
~ drink lots of fluids, monitor UO, BUN, creatinine
NO ALCOHOL with which meds?
1) Painkillers (ibuprofen, naproxen, acetaminophen, opioids - excessive drowsiness, slow RR, death)
2) Anti-Anxiety and sleeping pills (-pam, -lam)
3) Antidepressants (SSRIs/SNRIs, TCAs) and mood stabilizers (Lithium)
4) ADHD/Stimulant meds -methylphenidate (Adderall, Ritalin); lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
5) Abx - metronidazole (Flagyl) - cause violent N/V
6) Nitrates and other BP meds - ↑ HR or arrhythmias
7) Diabetes meds (Biguanides: metformin, glyburide, glipizide) - very low blood sugar levels, n/v, ↑ HR, sudden BP changes
8) warfarin (Coumadin) - ↑ risk of major bleeding
9) OTC cold and flu tx (different painkillers, antihistamines, decongestant and Nyquil may contain alcohol) - drowsiness, dizziness, ↑ risk of OD
10) Erectile dysfunction meds (sildenafil, tadalafil) - lowers BP
WHY YOU CANNOT mix alcohol and medications
~ meds less effective
~ make the meds toxic to your body
~ make SE from meds worse
~ mixing alcohol and meds can cause new sx and make you feel very ill
~ may feel more tipsy with alcohol if you take certain meds at the same time
NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE with which meds?
♡ meds
-olol (BBs), -dipine (CCB), -statin (antilipidemics), -sartan (ARBs)
psych meds
-pam, -lam (benzo); -zodone
infection fighting meds
-mycin (aminoglycoside), -nazole (antifungal), -vir (antiviral), -floxacin (antibiotics)
others
1) cort- / pred- / -asone / -olone / -onide
2) -bicin/ -mustine/ -tinib
3) -glitazone
4) -afil
WHY NO GRAPEFRUIT JUICE w/ certain meds
~ Blocks an enzyme in the liver responsible for digesting drugs
~ Result = higher concentrations of medication in the blood
~ ↑ SE and↑ risk of toxicity
_____hydroxide
antacids
- Aluminum hydroxide (Aphogel)
- Magnesium hydroxide (MOM)
-boxazide
____ Sulfate
- giline
-promine
MAOI (antidepressant)
- phenelzine (Nardil),
tranylcypromine (Parnate),
isocarboxazid (Marplan),
selegiline (Zelapar),
*No foods w/ tyramine: smoked turkey, parmesan cheese, tea, organ meats, avocados, bananas;
Food such as strong or aged cheese, cured meats, smoked or process meats, liver (especially aged liver), pickled or fermented foods, sauces, soybeans, dried or overripe fruits, meat tenderizers, brewer’s yeast, alcoholic beverages and caffeine- such as in tea, cokes and coffee
-fen
Estrogen Antagonist (for estrogen-dependent Cancer)
*tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
-taxel
Microtubule inhibitor (for many types of Cancer)
*Paclitaxel (Taxol)
-relin
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist (for prostate and breast Cancer)
*goserelin (Zoladex)
-uracil
Nucleoside metabolic inhibitor (for skin Cancer)
*fluorouracil (5-FU)
-platin
Platinum-based drug (chemotherapeutic agent)
Use: finds and kills one specific thing in the body, like cancer cells or other immune cells that are attacking the body, like in autoimmune diseases
**Injected; causes flu-like symptoms
-zosin
Alpha adrenergic blockers (vasodilates and relaxes muscles)
*prazosin (Minipress)
**interacts with other hypertensives; monitor for congestive heart failure (CHF)
Anticholinergics
Dries up secretions.
Atropine sulfate
Oxybutynin Chloride (Ditropan)
Glycopyrrolate (Robinul)
Isoniazid is an ______. It treats____.
Teach client to call the doc of urine turns ___ (s/s of _____), your HCP prescribed B6 along with this med to prevent ___, like an MAOI, you should not eat ___ cheese and ___ fish, you may experience ___ ___ so rise slowly from lying to sitting or from sitting to standing.
Isoniazid is an ANTIMYCOBACTERIAL.
It treats TB.
Teach client to call the doc if urine turns DARK (s/s of HEPATOTOXICITY)
HCP prescribed B6 along with this med to prevent NEURITIS, like MAOI, you should not eat AGED cheese and SMOKED fish
may experience ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION so rise slowly from lying to sitting or from sitting to standing.
-bicin, -mustine, -tinib
antineoplastic; cytotoxic agent
-Tx cancer/tumors
**Oral hygiene before and after meals; ECG at regular intervals; Report s/s or kidney/liver failure and superinfection. Avoid alcohol and grapefruit juice
-bital
barbiturate (sedative)
*phenobarbital
- used to treat or prevent seizures. It is also used short-term to treat insomnia, or as a sedative before surgery; induced coma for increased ICP clients. Avoid alcohol.
cef-, ceph-
cephalosporin antibiotic
- anti-infective
- *report allergies to penicillin and observe for anaphylaxis and GI upset
-gliptin
Class: DDP-4 inhibitor;
Use: reduces blood sugar in type 2 diabetics;
How? increases the secretion of insulin and suppresses the release of glucagon by the alpha cells of the pancreas.
**think G for Glucose; watch for hypoglycemia
-glitazone
Use: type 2 diabetes
Class: thiazolidinedione (lowers your insulin resistance)
How? increases insulin sensitivity, Decreases liver glucose output, Increase glucose intake in muscle and fat
**think G for Glucose; watch for hypoglycemia; reduces effect of hormonal contraceptives - must use condoms; Watch for liver dysfunction and CHF. Avoid alcohol. No grapefruit juice
-lamide
Acetazolamide
Use: Diuretic, anticonvulsant, and glaucoma tx
Class: carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
-ridone, -pine, -sidone
Class: atypical antipsychotic
Use: schizophrenia
risperidone (Risperdal) olanzapine (Zyprexa) quetiapine (Seroquel) clozapine (Cloazril) --monitor for agranulocytosis olanzapine/fluoxetine (Symbyax) ziprasidone (Geodon)
potassium-depleting diuretics
Furosemide: 1st line
Bumetanide: If furosemide doesn’t work
hyrdochlorothiazide: watch K+ levels and Ca+ (thiazides retain calcium)
potassium-sparing diuretic
spironolactone
sulfa-
antibiotic; anti-inflammatory
-esterone, -gestrel
female hormone (progestin);
causes periods in women who have not yet reached menopause but are not having periods d/t lack of progesterone in the body +
prevents overgrowth of uterus in postmenopausal women who are receiving estrogen hormone replacement therapy.
**Annual pap smear
tretin-, retin-
retinoid; dermatologic agent; form of vitamin A
-triptan
antimigraine; selective 5-HT receptor agonist
*sumatriptan
-tx of acute migraine headache
**use only during migraine; avoid alcohol (which agrivates migraines);
Monitor BP, cardiac effects
- report chest pain
