common 6 Flashcards
sullen
1 A bad-tempered or gloomy person is sullen. Sullen people are down in the dumps. like bleak
Bill sat in sullen silence and refused to eat his lunch.
Teenagers are often described as sullen, especially when they’re being grumpy and silent.
2 literary a sullen sky or sea is dark and looks as if bad weather is coming SYN overcast
misconsture
interpret in a wrong way. misinterpret
the politician never trusted journalists because he thought they would misconstrue his words and misrepresent his positions.
truncate
to make something shorter SYN shorten
If the list is too long, it will be truncated by the computer.
The report is also available in a truncated version.
impartial
If you’re in a contest, you’d better hope the judges are impartial. That means that they aren’t biased toward one competitor over another. بی طرف unbiased, disinterested
biased
1 unfairly preferring one person or group over another
Of course I’m biased, but I thought my daughter’s paintings were the best.
racially biased attitudes
biased against/towards/in favour of
news reporting that was heavily biased towards the government
duress
compulsory force or threat اجبار
the witness said he signed the contract under duress and argued the court should cancel the agreement.
timorous
timid or shy
your timorous friend who likes to hang out with close pals but gets nervous around big groups of new people.
“timorous little mouse”
“in a timorous tone”
jovial
Use jovial to describe people who show good humor and are full of joy. Santa Claus, with his constant “ho-ho-hoing” is a jovial figure.
harried
harry. Like harass or hound. Or badger , pester
1 to keep attacking an enemy
2 to keep asking someone for something in a way that is upsetting or annoying
Someone who is harried is feeling the stress of being rushed, overworked, or harassed (آزار و اذیت شده).
All day, every day, they are harried by everyone they meet.
posit
1 to assume or suggest that it is true.
You can posit an idea or opinion.
initially Einstein posited a repulsive force to balance gravity, but then rejected that idea as a blunder (embarrassing mistake)
2 verb put (something somewhere) firmly
“She posited her hand on his shoulder”
deleterious
harmful to living things کشنده detrimental
Smoking has obvious deleterious effects on your health, not to mention your social life.
capricious
impulsive and unpredictable. Like impetuous and precipitous
like a capricious bride who suddenly leaves her groom standing at the wedding altar.
every month our capricious CEO had a new plan to turn the company around.
Captious: pedantic گیر
specious
1 based on pretense; deceptively pleasing
almost every image on TV is specious and not to be trusted.
2 plausible but false like spurious
“a specious claim”
specious theory of the solar system
disseminate
to spread information or ideas to as many people as possible. Like promulgate
Her findings have been widely disseminated.
esoteric
arcane
known and understood by only a few people who have special knowledge about something
the esoteric world of scientific supercomputing
maladroit
adroit تیز و بز و زبر و زرنگ
an adroit negotiator
maladroit شل و ول و دس پا چلفتی clumsy
clumsy like bumbling
moving or doing things in a careless way, especially so that you drop things, knock into things etc
A clumsy waiter spilled wine all over her new skirt.
a clumsy attempt to catch the ball
anomaly
s.th that is not normal, standard or expected
abnormality inconsistency incongruity deviation
after finding an anomaly in the data, she knew that she would have to conduct her experiment again.
opulence
luxury like ostentatious
Something with opulence is drenched in wealth and luxury.
• Morishita leads an opulent lifestyle.
contrition
Contrition is a strong, powerful feeling that people get when they’ve done something wrong. احساس گناه
If you did wrong and feel bad about it, you’re feeling contrition — you’re contrite.
expiate: to show you are sorry for something you have done wrong by accepting your punishment willingly, or trying to do something to improve what you did
craven
coward
lacking even the rudiments of courage; abjectly fearful
“the craven fellow turned and ran”
“a craven proposal to raise the white flag”
arduous
دشوار و پرزحمت
an activity that takes a lot of effort. Writing all those college essays and filling out the applications is an arduous process!
appease
To make peace with someone by giving in to their demands. SYN propitiate
• This was a clever attempt to appease the people, but it backfired.
Chamberlain tried to appease Hitler and in doing so sent a clear message, you can walk all over us.
the cold drink appeased his thirst.
appease, propitiate, conciliate, mollify, placate, pacify
reproach
verb , noun
to criticize
He argued that the reproaches were unfair.
He publicly reproached his son for his behavior.
reproach, excoriate, vituperate, objurgate, censure, lambast
polemic
a strong verbal or written attack
A polemic is something that stirs up controversy by having a negative opinion.
She has published a fierce anti-war polemic.
diatribe, broadside, vitriol, tirade, harangue, polemic
ignominious
humiliating
ignominious defeat/failure/retreat etc
an ignominious end to his career
Losing a football game stinks, but losing a game where, at the end, you are lying face down in a puddle of mud and the fans are burning effigies of you in the streets? That is an ignominious defeat.
transient
lasting a very short time
maverick
independent person
someone who exhibits great independence in thought and action
bolster
support and strengthen
the case for the suspect’s innocence was bolstered considerably by the fact that neither fingerprints nor DNA were found at the scene.
When you cheer up a friend who’s feeling down, you bolster them.
pejorative
pejorative is used to show disapproval or to insult someone
Tree-hugger (someone who is regarded as foolish or annoying because of being too concerned about protecting environment) is a pejorative term for an environmentalist.
تحقیرآمیز
fastidious
very careful about small details in your appearance, work etc SYN meticulous
people who are fastidious about personal hygiene
flux
1 constant change
“his opinions are in flux”
“the newness and flux of the computer industry”
2 uncertainty
ever since Elvira resigned as the head of marketing, every thing about our sales strategy has been in a state of flux.
The education system is still in a state of flux.
antipathy
a feeling of intense dislike like acrimony
antipathy to/towards
a growing antipathy towards the government
antipathy between
There’s always been a certain amount of antipathy between the two doctors.
“cats were his greatest antipathy”
elicit
verb
بیرون کشیدن
like pull out or bring out
The test uses pictures to elicit words from the child.
just smiling can elicit feelings of pleasure and happiness
Evoke: برانگیختن
Revoke: ی قانون رو برداشتن
Provoke: برانگیختن-to couse a reaction or feeling
imprudent
not wise. Like insular OPP judicious. Sage
imprudent move of invading Russia in winter by Hitler.
“very imprudent of her mother to encourage her in such silly romantic ideas”
“”would be imprudent for a noneconomist to talk about the details of economic policy”- A.M.Schlesinger”
Prudent & provident (2 with the ‘im’ means wise and long-sighted)
Prodigal & profligate (2 without opposite preffix) wasteful with money or anything. Like dilatory
placate
appease
If you placate someone, you stop them from being angry by giving them something or doing something that pleases them. If your dad is annoyed that you forgot to take out the trash, you might be able to placate him by doing the dishes.
efficacious
effective
an equally efficacious method of treatment
Some found bathing the patient in a bath of nitric acid to be efficacious!
askance
if you look askance at someone or something, you do not approve of them or think they are good. like admonitory
A waiter looked askance at Ellis’s jeans.
There’s always been cops hanging around, looking askance at everyone.
چش خوره رفتن
rebuke
criticize harshly - censure, objurgate, reproach, lambast
admonish, blame
the police chief rebuked the two officers whose irresponsible decisions almost led to the deaths of 7 innocent by-standers.
stringent
demanding strict attention to rules and procedures. سختگیرانه
a stringent law, rule, standard etc is very strict and must be obeyed
stringent anti-noise regulations
banality
a trite or obvious remark
mundane
1 ordinary and not interesting or exciting SYN boring
Initially, the work was pretty mundane.
The mundane task of setting the table can be fun on holidays.
2 concerned with the world or worldly matters
“mundane affairs”
terrestrial
dispassionate
unaffected by strong emotion or prejudice خونسرد like impartial (with aplomb)
“a journalist should be a dispassionate reporter of fact”
It’s something you’d want to see in a surgeon, who keeps cool under pressure, but not in a romantic partner.
indecorous
inappropriate
Indecorous behavior isn’t proper or socially acceptable. It would be indecorous to publish your sister’s diary in the newspaper or to tell your extended family an offensive joke at Thanksgiving dinner.
erudite
adj
having or showing profound knowledge SYN learned
“an erudite professor”
edifying
enlightening or uplifting
Edifying things uplift people intellectually or morally and help them learn. Good literature, art, and music are edifying.
furtive
behaving as if you want to keep something secret SYN secretive
There was something furtive about his actions.
furtive glances/looks
Chris kept stealing furtive glances at me.
nonplussed
unsure how to act or respond. Like irresolute
bewildered, puzzled, often speechless.
mendacity
noun
Mendacity is a tendency to lie.
i can forgive her for her mendacity but only because she is a child.
Mendacious: dishonest
dilatory
adj
wasting time
dilatory tactics
like prodigal, profligate
