advance 4

Question 1

unpropitious

Answer 1

of a circumstance
نامساعد
Conditions after the 1905 revolution were propitious for stable development.

Question 2

spartan

Answer 2

adj
A spartan existence is kind of like being a monk. Your room is bare, you live simply and eat sparingly
spartan accommodation
a spartan existence

Question 3

lacerate

Answer 3

1 to cut skin deeply with something sharp جر دادن
His fingers were badly lacerated by the broken glass.
2 to criticize someone very strongly
The verb lacerate means to cut or tear. So the envelope that gave you that nasty paper cut? It lacerated your finger.like lambast

Question 4

invidious

Answer 4

unpleasant, especially because it is likely to offend people or make you unpopular
By innocently lying to detectives, she’d put herself in an invidious position.

Question 5

tempestuous

Answer 5

adj: characterized by violent emotions or behavior (turbulent) طوفانی
A tempest is a storm, so you can use the adjective tempestuous to describe anything stormy or volatile — from a tempestuous hurricane to a tempestuous romance.
Love is not a tempestuous sea; it is a calm river.

volatile
1 a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning OPP stable
an increasingly volatile political situation
the highly volatile stock and bond markets
2 someone who is volatile can suddenly become angry or violent
3 technical a volatile liquid or substance changes easily into a gas OPP stable

Question 6

equitable

Answer 6

treating all people in a fair and equal way
an equitable distribution of food supplies
منصفانه - fair

Question 7

dovetail

Answer 7

A dovetail is a joint in woodworking where two sides are fitted together with interlocking pieces. You can also use the word dovetail to show how other things fit well together — like how your picnic plans nicely dovetail with the sunny forecast.
fit

Question 8

surreptitious

Answer 8

adj like secretly. Like clandestine
done secretly or quickly because you do not want other people to notice
Rory tried to sneak a surreptitious glance at Adam’s wristwatch.
since his mom was a light sleeper, Timmy had to tiptoe surreptitiously through the entire house.

Question 9

immure

Answer 9

When you immure someone or something, you put it behind a wall, as in a jail or some other kind of confining space.
to enclose, usually in walls

enclose
to surround something, especially with a fence or wall, in order to make it separate
The pool area is enclosed by a six-foot wall.
an enclosed area

Question 10

crystallize

Answer 10

if an idea, plan etc crystallizes or is crystallized, it becomes very clear in your mind
Inside her a thought was crystallizing.
some crystal clear ideas

Question 11

untenable

Answer 11

adj غیرقابل دفاع
If something is untenable, you can’t defend it or justify it. If your disagreement with your teacher puts you in an untenable position, you better just admit you made a mistake and get on with it.
The scandal put the president in an untenable position.
2 an untenable argument, suggestion etc is impossible to defend

Question 12

irrefutable

Answer 12

refute نقض کردن
غیر قابل نقض
irrefutable evidence/proof/facts

Question 13

improvident

Answer 13

adj
not given careful consideration
Someone who is improvident doesn’t worry about the future — or plan wisely for it. If you spend all your money on video games even though you know you have to buy your mom a birthday present next week, you have made an improvident decision. ( not wise)

Question 14

unviable

Answer 14

not able to work, survive, succeed
the plan was obviously unviable considering that it lead to complete environmental destruction in the river valley

Question 15

asperity

Answer 15

noun harshness of manner
Asperity is the harsh tone or behavior people exhibit when they’re angry, impatient, or just miserable. Did your supervisor snap “Late again!” when you showed up 20 minutes after your shift was supposed to start? She’s speaking with asperity.
you will see asperity used in reference to grumpy voices or irritable behavior.

Question 16

apposite

Answer 16

appropriate like germane
suitable to what is happening or being discussed
His observations are, indeed, apposite to the present discussion.

Question 17

nonchalant

Answer 17

behaving calmly and not seeming interested in anything or worried about anything
like when your friend saunters by a group of whispering, giggling girls and just nods and says, “Hey.”

Question 18

hobble

Answer 18

to hold back the progress of something
hold back. Like encumber or repress
1 hold somebody/something ↔ back to make someone or something stop moving forward
Police in riot gear held back the demonstrators.
2 hold something ↔ back to stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion
She struggled to hold back her tears.
Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.
3 hold somebody/something ↔ back to prevent someone or something from making progress
They felt the British economy was being held back by excessive government controls.

Question 19

hubris

Answer 19

اعتماد بنفس کاذب
His hubris cost him whatever slim chance he had of actually pulling it off.

Question 20

peripatetic

Answer 20

پیاده
travelling from place to place, especially in order to do your job
a peripatetic music teacher
like itinerant

Question 21

patent

Answer 21

1 patent lie/nonsense/impossibility etc
formal used to emphasize that something is clearly a lie etc SYN obvious
2 ثبت اختراع

Question 22

subterfuge

Answer 22

If you want to surprise your mom with a sweatshirt, but don’t know her size, it might take an act of subterfuge, like going through her closet, to find it out. Subterfuge is the use of tricky actions to hide or get something.
he wasn’t sick–it was just a subterfuge
یواشکی. زیرزیرکی

Question 23

intimation

Answer 23

The noun intimation means a hint or an indirect suggestion.
This was my first intimation that something had gone seriously wrong.

Question 24

incontrovertible

Answer 24

When something is incontrovertible, it is undeniably, absolutely, 100 percent, completely true. That rain is wet is an incontrovertible fact.
غیر قابل بحث - هیچ بحثی روش نیست

Question 25

decry

Answer 25

to state publicly that you do not approve of something SYN condemn(محکوم کردن)
express strong disapproval of
The national news printed his mother’s full statement decrying the violence that took her son’s life, and demanding justice.

Question 26

puissant

Answer 26

Puissant means powerful and in possession of authority, and is often used to describe the political power of someone, like a prince or president.
“Sweet Petyr, surely you do not mean to suggest that these puissant lords and noble knights could be bought like so many chickens in the market.”

Question 27

encumber

Answer 27

hold back
1 hold somebody/something ↔ back to make someone or something stop moving forward
Police in riot gear held back the demonstrators.
2 hold something ↔ back to stop yourself from feeling or showing a particular emotion
She struggled to hold back her tears.
Anger flooded through her. She couldn’t hold it back.
3 hold somebody/something ↔ back to prevent someone or something from making progress
They felt the British economy was being held back by excessive government controls.

Question 28

ossify

Answer 28

From the literal “to become bony” meaning of ossify, we get the more figurative meaning: to become rigid or hardened. Although you and other young people may be willing to effect social changes, many older voters have ossified in their opinions.
سرسخت تر شدن

Question 29

inimitable

Answer 29

Mona Lisa’s inimitable smile .
Mozart’s music follows a clear pattern that anyone could imitate, but his music gives an overall sense of effortlessness that is inimitable.
غیرقابل تقلید

Question 30

unflappable

Answer 30

adjective not easily perturbed, excited, or upset; marked by extreme calm and composure
“unflappable in a crisis”

Question 31

crestfallen

Answer 31

looking disappointed and upset SYN downcast
He came back looking crestfallen.
If you are crestfallen, you are dark, depressed, and down in the dumps. You are in need of a pep talk, or at least a hug.

Question 32

firebrand

Answer 32

someone who deliberately creates trouble.
آشوب گر
Freddy is a firebrand

• Ronald Reagan was deplored as a firebrand who might bring on a nuclear war.

Question 33

inure

Answer 33

To inure is to get used to something difficult or unpleasant. If after spending an hour in your brother’s room, you stop noticing the stinky-sock smell, you have become inured to the odor.
He was inured to the cold

Question 34

magisterial

Answer 34

1 a magisterial way of behaving or speaking shows that you think you have authority
his magisterial voice
2 a magisterial book is written by someone who has very great knowledge about a subject
his magisterial study of the First World War
3 offensively self-assured or given to exercising unwarranted power.
though she was only a third grade teacher, Ms Martinet was magisterial in dealing with her class, lording over them like a queen.

Question 35

stalwart

Answer 35

To be stalwart is to be courageous and dependable, like a stalwart knight who defends a kingdom from a ferocious dragon.

Question 36

celerity

Answer 36

speed, rapidity
like accelerit

Question 37

corollary

Answer 37

a practical consequence that follows naturally. نتیجه بدیهی like concomitant
something that is the direct result of something else
Surprisingly, environmental improvement has been a corollary to economic growth.
• She is remembered largely for her pioneering ` dancing modernism, a corollary to abstract expressionism.
• Of course, a basic corollary of the theory is that deep drilling should uncover a portion of these massive methane resources.

Question 38

machinate

Answer 38

1 to arrange or plan in a carefully detailed way
a teacher might machinate to best organize and inspire her class
2 to plot in an equally careful but somewhat sneaky or underhanded way.
a movie villain machinates in order to defeat the hero.

Question 39

cosset

Answer 39

to give someone as much care and attention as you can, especially too much SYN pamper لی لی ب لالاش گذاشتن
He cosseted her with flowers and champagne.

indulgence
1 چیزی ک حال میده ولی مضره (افراط)
An occasional glass of wine was his only indulgence.
2 willingness to forgive
a spirit of indulgence and forgiveness

Question 40

presentiment

Answer 40

a strange feeling that something is going to happen, especially something bad

• I didn’t exactly have a presentiment - certainly not of anything like this happening.
• I have an intractable presentiment that I will soon start seeing them in Tod’s dream.
• I understood that you had had some sort of presentiment of disaster.

Question 41

puerile

Answer 41

silly and stupid SYN childish. Fatuous
a puerile joke
He did not speak down to her or at her, nor content himself with puerile questions about her life or monologues of his own activities.

Question 42

ribald

Answer 42

ribald remarks or jokes are humorous, rude, and about sex. Like bawdy
a ribald remark
ribald humor
Something ribald is funny, but in a vulgar or off-color way. If someone makes a ribald joke in class, she will probably be sent to the principal’s office.

Question 43

dispense

Answer 43

1 معاف کردن از یک قانون یا تعهد
since her father is a millionaire, she is given dispensation from many of the school’s policies.
2 give out
Villagers dispensed tea to visitors.
a machine for dispensing cash
3 to officially provide something for people
dispense justice (=decide whether or not someone is guilty of a crime and what punishment they should receive)

Question 44

denouement

Answer 44

the exciting last part of a story or play
The plot takes us to Paris for the denouement of the story.

Question 45

flippant

Answer 45

adj
سرکش و سر ب هوا
not being serious about something that other people think you should be serious about
a rather flippant remark
flippant about
You shouldn’t be flippant about such things.

Question 46

impetuous

Answer 46

tending to do things very quickly, without thinking carefully first, or showing this quality SYN impulsive
He was high-spirited and impetuous.
She might live to regret this impetuous decision.

Question 47

obstreperous

Answer 47

aggressive and noisy
You’ve probably seen an obstreperous child in the grocery store, pulling away from her mother, screaming at the top of her lungs.

Question 48

recrimination

Answer 48

when you blame or criticize someone for something that has happened
Bitter accusations and recriminations followed the disaster.
Sometimes you accuse your opponent of refusing to compromise and he accuses you of the same thing. That’s a recrimination
اتهام متقابل

Question 49

inviolate

Answer 49

like intact
something that is inviolate cannot be attacked, changed, or destroyed
Purists object that once you have a forest, it should be left inviolate.
• I simply thought this was an inviolate, eternal truth.
Violate: verb of violence

Question 50

imperious

Answer 50

adj (arrogant & domineering) like coercive
giving orders and expecting to be obeyed, in a way that seems too proud
She raised her hand in an imperious gesture.
His manner was abrupt and imperious.

abrupt syn curt (using very few words in a way that seemsrude)
1 sudden and unexpected
an abrupt change of plan
come to an abrupt end/halt etc
The bus came to an abrupt halt.
2 seeming rude and unfriendly, especially because you do not waste time in friendly conversation. Like terse
Sorry, I didn’t mean to be so abrupt.

Question 51

rarefied

Answer 51

Use the adjective rarefied to describe things that are so stylish, smart, or moral that they seem elevated above the ordinary, like the rarefied conversation of brilliant scholars.
the word rarefied can also describe the air in high elevations that has less oxygen, like the rarefied air that can be challenging to mountain climbers.