Cold Weather/Ice And Rain Flashcards
Ground Ice Shedding Procedures before T/O
FCOM / SUP-PRO. pwr plant 300-243F
In position and Holding on the Runway:
With Freezing Fog….-7c… >_1c. 50% N1 for 1 minute
For A330 GE engines
SOP / AFTER START
60% of N1 for 30’s intervals not to exceed 30 minutes
In heavy freezing conditions, rain,drizzle,fog or snow intervals
Not to exceed 10 minutes
AND JUST BEFORE TAKEOFF AND MONITOR ENGINE PARAMETERS
Window heat system:
Auto when eng is running or in flight
Or when switch is on
Ice indicator and detection system
Ice indicator located between the two windshields
Ice detection 2 separate ice detection probes on FWD LWR section of fuselage.
Operates automatically and starts at engine PWR up and indicates thru the “Memo” display
What are the 4 conditions with which a First Officer is not permitted
To T/O or Land ??
A). Runway is contaminated or slippery.
B). X-wind is 15 kts or greater
C). Vis/RVR and ceiling is 600 m / 200 feet
D). Airport is a Category C.
D/A on the Grd…
When is T/O not permitted?
If snow, frost, or ice is adhering to the Wings, Control surfaces, and engines of the aircraft.
- . Freezing Rain
- . Heaven Ice Pellets
- . Snow pellets
- . Heavy falls of wet snow at temperature of around 0’c
- . Hail
- . Any frozen contaminate adhering to any of the aircraft critical surface
Explain the affects of the slightest build up of ice, frost or snow on the airplane , critical parts, control surfaces, etc… .
A small amount can result in as much as a 30% loss in lift!!
And up to 40% increase in drag !!
Critical with loss of an engine and
A contaminated wing will stall at less than a normal angle and this May not activate the “Stall WRNG” system.
What is “LOUT” ?
Lowest Operational Use Temperature
Ground and Flight procedures for D/A icing the aircraft, starts with?
A. Type of fluid and hold over time compared to the expected hold over time.
B. An Authorized Engineer for the supervision and communication to the Captain after completion: “for Tech Log Entry”
Start time
Stop time
Type of fluid
Mix ratio
Who has operational responsibility with the D/A icing and when does it
Responsibility transfer to the Captain?
At the moment the aircraft starts moving under its own power.
Checks to determine the need of D/A ice?
Wing and all surfaces Air Data Probes Static Vents Angle of attack sensors Control surfaces A maximum of 3 mm of front under the wing is allowed
Below 15’c on the ground! what Cockpit precautions should take place?
APU Star should be done with external power
IRS alignment may take 15 minutes
Probe and window heat on
E.g. Anti Icing code of “Type 2/75 13:35. Means what?
ISO Type II
25% water
Commencing at 13:35
This must be entered in the Tech Log.
Considerations for contaminated Taxi ways?
Speed should be limited to 10 kts ( anti-skid not active below 20 kts)
Engine anti ice increases ground thrust
Use of differential braking or thrust might be more efficient
Flap selection should be delayed until reaching the holding point
Flap retraction should not be done until an inspection is completed
Keep enough distance from the preceding aircraft/F.O.D.
When would a contamination check have to be performed after the
The D/A icing completion ?
When the hold over time has expired
The check has to be accomplished by a “Authorized Person”
In good conditions of lighting and visibility, the check and be performed from inside the cabin.
T/O performance and Landing considerations
Flex cannot be used on contaminated runways
Anti ice requires performance penalties
Contamination increases take off roll and
increases landing “Roll Out”
**screen height ( net flight path ) clears obstacles by:
15 feet instead of 35 feet ****
What is the definition of sevear icing?
5 mm or more ice accretion
Flex Takeoff should not be used when ?
A. Contaminated runway
B. Friction Coefficient is Below “ 0.4”
C. Windshear expected.
Before D/A icing, where will you find the procedures ?
Procedures – Sup 91-30 Adverse Weather-cold weather
Before spraying action items :
CAB Press Mode SEL………..Check Auto
Eng Bleed 1, 2……………………………….Off
APU Bleed…………………………………….Off
Ditching pushbutton……………………….On
Go to ECAM “Press Page” and check the Valves !!
Upon completion of the spraying operation, what are the action Items ?
ECAM Press page…
Ditching pushbutton …………..Off
OutFlow Valves …………Check Open ( Open green position )
“This will avoid aircraft pressurization”
Eng Bleed……………………………On (Let the Engines run a few min)
Pitot and Static (ground crew) …….Check
De-Icing/Anti-Icing Report…………Recevied
APU Bleed…..(after a few “5” minutes)…….On
Where will you find the “Ground Ice Shedding” Procedure?
PRO SUP 70 Power Plant
P 18/26
And
SOP after Engine Start
Where will you find the definition of a contaminated runway and
The Equivalence between “ wet snow and slush “ and
“ dry snow and slush “
PERF-TOF-CTA-20
Explain Cold WX Altimeter Corrections?
When do you use it and definitely for what on approach ?
Use below MSA and absolutely for MDA!!!
Some States all ready have temperature corrections,,, e.g EDDF..
Cat II and Cat III are not affected ( Radio Altimeter )
Low QNH, how do your correct Alt for pressure when the pressure is lower than 1013hPa ?
30 ft per hPa below 1013 hPa
3mm is equivalent to ?
Visible moisture below 1600 meters, means what?
3mm = 1/8 of an inch
1600 meters and visible moisture means icing conditions
When would you use MED Braking?
Short and/or Contaminated runways.
What are the results from turning engine anti-ice on ?
FADEC selects a higher idle thrust , which gives a better protection against engine flameout.
Under what conditions is “Auto-Roll Out” with auto land not available or not authorized?
A. Contaminated runway
B. BSCU Channel Inop
C. Anti-Skid Inop
D. Nose wheel steering Inop
Where will you find the “Manual Engine Start Procedures” ?
Procedures
Supplementary Procedures
Power Plant
PRO-Sup-70. P 5/24
In the event of a electrical pwr supply failure, what valve
Will open automatically ?
Engine anti-ice valves
Thin hoarfrost is acceptable where ?
- Upper surface of the fuselage
- On the underside of the wing tank area , a maximum layer of 3 mm ( 1/8 in ) of frost will not penalize takeoff performance
What is the “ anti-icing “ code ?
Type of fluid/ mixture ratio/ when hold over time began/
And the post application check
On contaminated taxiways and ramp areas, what are the procedures for taxi out and in ?
Taxi out:
Below 10 kts
Engine anti-ice will increase ground idle
Any action items should be done only when the aircraft is stopped
Flap selection should be delayed until reaching the holding point and then “ Before Takeoff down to the Line “ must be performed .
Keep appropriate distance from aircraft in front
RCAM. ( Runway Condition Assessment Matrix )
Does the RCAM show the friction coefficient ?
No. If Friction Coefficient is the only information provided
Attempt to ascertain the depth and type of the runway contaminants to make a better assessment then apply that to the RCAM.
When is a runway considered Icy ?
When it’s friction coefficient is 0.05 or below.
What is one of the WORST control situations for T/O and
Landing ?
A crosswind in conjunction with a wet or contaminated
Runway .
Avoid extended flight in icing conditions with ?
Slats extended
If there is evidence of significant ice accretion on non heated
Structure , the minimum speed should be ?
In clean configuration , VLS +15 kt
In Conf 1, 2, 3, Full, VLS +5kt
For Landing performance assessment :
Refer to QRH PER-C
If there is evidence of ice accretion on de-iced parts
(WING ANTI ICE) inoperative.
The minimum speeds should be ?
VLS+10/G DOT
FOR LANDING PERFORMANCE REFER to QRH PER-C
When must engine Anti-Ice be on ?
When must Wing Anti-Ice be on ?
All ground and flight operations when Icing Conditions
EXIST or ARE “ANTICIPATED” !!
Engine Anti-Ice “except” (Climb and Cruise)
when SAT is below -40c
Engine Anti-Ice must be on “before and during” a descent in icing conditions even if the SAT is below -40c.
Wing Anti-ice to either prevent or remove !
Should turn on Wing Anti-Ice when very there is an Indication that
The Airframe is icing up.
What is considered Severe Icing?
Approximately 5mm of Ice accretion on the Airframe.
Where do you find the procedures for “ FUEL LO TEMP “ ?
FCOM -
PROCEDURES
ABNORMAL AND EMERGENCY PROCEDURES
FUEL LO TEMP
PRO-ABN-28 P 51/160
25 AUG 16
How do you reduce the probability of frost accretion
On the upper wing surfaces above the outer tanks ?
During taxi to gate after landing,
" OUTER TANK TRANSFER"
Ref: FCOM
PROCEDURES
SUPPLEMENTARY PROCEDURES
FUEL SYSTEMS
PRO-SUP-28 P 1/4
18 FEB 16If fuel temp approaches the minimum temp allowed:
Freeze point -47c for jet A1.
What steps should be considered ?
Below the Tropopause, a 4000 ft descent gives a 7c increase in TAT .
Increase the Mach # by M 0.01 produces approx 0.7c increase in TAT
