Cognitive Psych Pt 2

Question 1

False Memory

Answer 1

Retrieval of an event that never occurred

Question 2

Misinformation effect

Answer 2

Decreased accuracy of episodic memories because of information provided after the event

Question 3

Imagination inflation

Answer 3

Confidence boost from imagining misleading information

Question 4

Effect of repeated interrogations

Answer 4

Can lead to someone questioning their innocence

Question 5

Source memory

Answer 5

Ability to recall the context in which we aquired a memory

Question 6

Source amnesia

Answer 6

Forgetting the source of our memories, but knowing the event

Question 7

Source monitoring

Answer 7

Not knowing if the source of our facts is an article or a newsfeed

Question 8

Reality monitoring

Answer 8

Forgetting if an event was real or imaginary

Question 9

Verbatim memory

Answer 9

The specific details of a memory

Question 10

Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory paradigm

Answer 10

• induce false memories in the lab
• read a list of words out, have participants say as many as they remember, they usually say ones that weren’t on the list in the first place

Question 11

Judgements

Answer 11

Conclusions drawn from evidence at hand

Question 12

Decisions

Answer 12

Choices that affect our behaviour

Question 13

Rational Decision

Answer 13

Decision based on logic and reason

Question 14

Bounded rationality

Answer 14

Rational decision making is limited by cognitive ability, available info, and time

Question 15

Dual-processing theory

Answer 15

There are two types of thinking for making decisions, the controlled system and the automatic system

Question 16

Controlled system

Answer 16

System of making decisions that involves slower, more thoughtful and rational outcomes

Question 17

Automatic system

Answer 17

System of making decisions that is used for fast, decent outcomes
- Often used when tired/overwhelmed

Question 18

Heuristics

Answer 18

Part of the automatic system, mental shortcuts

Question 19

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 19

Shortcut to judge the liklihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent a category

Question 20

Availability heuristic

Answer 20

Shortcut to decide how probably something is based on how easily it comes to mind

Question 21

Affective reaction

Answer 21

Simple reaction to an event (either good or bad)

Question 22

Affect heuristic

Answer 22

Tendency to use the positive or negative affect we associate with objects and events in the world to make judgements and decisions

Question 23

Damage to ventromedial frontal cortex

Answer 23

Unable to associate “good” or “bad” with actions’ consequences

Question 24

Elliot

Answer 24

Made many poor decisions, had brain damage, could not learn from his mistakes, and had difficulty making simple decisions

Question 25

Moral judgement

Answer 25

Judgement about the “rightness” or “wrongness” of a behaviour
- Same part of the brain reacts as that reacts to disgusting situations