Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Psychological disorder

Answer 1

“clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviour, usually associated with significant distress or disability in life”

Question 2

Psychopathology

Answer 2

Scientific study of psychological disorders or the disorders themselves

Question 3

Syndrome

Answer 3

Clusters of symptoms

Question 4

Symptom

Answer 4

An indication of a condition

Question 5

A psychological disorder cannot…

Answer 5

Be a normal response to common stressors, be a culturally approved response to a specific event, or a simple deviance from social norms

Question 6

Psychological disorders affect

Answer 6

Thoughts, emotions and behaviours

Question 7

Point prevalence

Answer 7

% of people that have a given disorder at a particular point in time

Question 8

Lifetime prevalence

Answer 8

% of people who will have a given psychological disorder

Question 9

US lifetime prevalence with at least one disorder

Answer 9

46%

Question 10

US lifetime prevalence of at least two disorders

Answer 10

28%

Question 11

How many people worldwide suffer from psychological disorders?

Answer 11

Half a billion people

Question 12

Mood related disorders percent

Answer 12

41% of psychological disorders worldwide

Question 13

Anxiety disorders percent

Answer 13

15% of psychological disorders worldwide

Question 14

Schizophrenia percent

Answer 14

7% of psychological disorders worldwide

Question 15

Clinical assessment

Answer 15

Gathering information to evaluate a patient psychological functioning to see if a diagnosis is needed

Question 16

Clinical interview

Answer 16

Exploring px mental state, life circumstances, history through conversation
- Sometimes structured/unstructured
- Also look for implicit behaviour, discrepancies

Question 17

Self-report measures

Answer 17

Px answers, standard, fixed questions, usually survey format

Question 18

Projective tests

Answer 18

Client response to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli
- Implicit motives from response
- Rorschach Inkblot Test
Less use, mixed validity

Question 19

Pros of diagnostic labels

Answer 19

• Easier to talk about
• Improved treatment
• Communicates potential difficulties
• May provide relief for the px
• Facilitates research

Question 20

Cons of diagnostic labels

Answer 20

• Stigma
• Comparison
• Healthcare makes it “fixed” and enduring
• Encourages disorders to be though of as separate from other disorders

Question 21

Trephination

Answer 21

Cutting large holes in a px’s skull so demons can exit

Question 22

Historical treatments examples

Answer 22

Music, prayers, starvation, potions, flogging, spinning, nearly drowning, extreme temperatures…

Question 23

What happened at the “hospitals for the insane”?

Answer 23

Really just isolated “undesirables”
- Awful conditions, treated like animals
- Shackles
- Public paid admission to view

Question 24

Philippe Pinel

Answer 24

Advocated to remove patients’ shackles and get them fresh air

Question 25

Dorothea Dix

Answer 25

Advocate for proper treatment of those struggling with mental disorders

Question 26

General Paresis

Answer 26

Decline in physical and psychological function - Found to be caused by syphilis

Question 27

Who invented the talking cure?

Answer 27

Sigmund Freud

Question 28

Who can provide psychological therapy in Canada?

Answer 28

Psychologists Psychotherapists Social Workers Marriage and family therapists Child and youth counsellors

Question 29

Who can provide Biological therapy in Canada?

Answer 29

Family doctors Psychiatrists Psychiatric nurses

Question 30

What dictates the success of therapy?

Answer 30

The relationship between client and therapist and how well their goals line up

Question 31

How much does anxiety and depression cost per year?

Answer 31

1$ trillion/ year

Question 32

Subsyndromal disorders

Answer 32

Versions of psychological disorders that do not meet diagnostic criteria

Question 33

More than half of those with clinically significant disorders...

Answer 33

Do not receive treatment

Question 34

Who is more likely to seek therapy?

Answer 34

Women, European Americans

Question 35

Why would people not want to seek therapy?

Answer 35

- Financial barrier - Stigma - Need to see the problem and want to get help

Question 36

What % of people get worse with therapy?

Answer 36

5-10%

Question 37

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

Answer 37

- present focused - Problems clients want to address - Structured, and usually with homework - Wants to form new thought patterns and behaviours

Question 38

Third wave therapies

Answer 38

Modify the hold that our thoughts and behaviours have on us

Question 39

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

Answer 39

Third wave therapy - Greater awareness and acceptance of thoughts and feelings

Question 40

Mindfulness-based stress reduction

Answer 40

Third wave therapy - Present in the moment - Views thoughts and feelings as passing - Derived from Eastern meditative traditions

Question 41

Correlation between physical activity and mental health

Answer 41

Mental health improves as physical activity increases!

Question 42

Exposure to nature...

Answer 42

Increases levels of well-being - why there are courtyards in hospitals, buildings

Question 43

Urban areas...

Answer 43

Have a higher prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders - Activation of the amygdala (stress response)

Question 44

Empirically supported Treatments

Answer 44

Treatments that research shows to be effective

Question 45

Dodo bird effect

Answer 45

A variety of treatments can be equally effective

Question 46

Behavioural therapy is typically beneficial for...

Answer 46

Anxiety (phobias)

Question 47

Cognitive therapy is typically beneficial for...

Answer 47

Mood disorders, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa

Question 48

Experiential therapy is typically beneficial for...

Answer 48

Anxiety and depression