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PSYCH 101 > Clinical Psychology > Flashcards

Clinical Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Psychological disorder

A

“clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behaviour, usually associated with significant distress or disability in life”

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2
Q

Psychopathology

A

Scientific study of psychological disorders or the disorders themselves

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3
Q

Syndrome

A

Clusters of symptoms

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4
Q

Symptom

A

An indication of a condition

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5
Q

A psychological disorder cannot…

A

Be a normal response to common stressors, be a culturally approved response to a specific event, or a simple deviance from social norms

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6
Q

Psychological disorders affect

A

Thoughts, emotions and behaviours

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7
Q

Point prevalence

A

% of people that have a given disorder at a particular point in time

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8
Q

Lifetime prevalence

A

% of people who will have a given psychological disorder

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9
Q

US lifetime prevalence with at least one disorder

A

46%

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10
Q

US lifetime prevalence of at least two disorders

A

28%

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11
Q

How many people worldwide suffer from psychological disorders?

A

Half a billion people

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12
Q

Mood related disorders percent

A

41% of psychological disorders worldwide

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13
Q

Anxiety disorders percent

A

15% of psychological disorders worldwide

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14
Q

Schizophrenia percent

A

7% of psychological disorders worldwide

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15
Q

Clinical assessment

A

Gathering information to evaluate a patient psychological functioning to see if a diagnosis is needed

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16
Q

Clinical interview

A

Exploring px mental state, life circumstances, history through conversation
- Sometimes structured/unstructured
- Also look for implicit behaviour, discrepancies

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17
Q

Self-report measures

A

Px answers, standard, fixed questions, usually survey format

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18
Q

Projective tests

A

Client response to unstructured or ambiguous stimuli
- Implicit motives from response
- Rorschach Inkblot Test
Less use, mixed validity

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19
Q

Pros of diagnostic labels

A
  • Easier to talk about
  • Improved treatment
  • Communicates potential difficulties
  • May provide relief for the px
  • Facilitates research
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20
Q

Cons of diagnostic labels

A
  • Stigma
  • Comparison
  • Healthcare makes it “fixed” and enduring
  • Encourages disorders to be though of as separate from other disorders
21
Q

Trephination

A

Cutting large holes in a px’s skull so demons can exit

22
Q

Historical treatments examples

A

Music, prayers, starvation, potions, flogging, spinning, nearly drowning, extreme temperatures…

23
Q

What happened at the “hospitals for the insane”?

A

Really just isolated “undesirables”
- Awful conditions, treated like animals
- Shackles
- Public paid admission to view

24
Q

Philippe Pinel

A

Advocated to remove patients’ shackles and get them fresh air

25
Q

Dorothea Dix

A

Advocate for proper treatment of those struggling with mental disorders

26
Q

General Paresis

A

Decline in physical and psychological function
- Found to be caused by syphilis

27
Q

Who invented the talking cure?

A

Sigmund Freud

28
Q

Who can provide psychological therapy in Canada?

A

Psychologists
Psychotherapists
Social Workers
Marriage and family therapists
Child and youth counsellors

29
Q

Who can provide Biological therapy in Canada?

A

Family doctors
Psychiatrists
Psychiatric nurses

30
Q

What dictates the success of therapy?

A

The relationship between client and therapist and how well their goals line up

31
Q

How much does anxiety and depression cost per year?

A

1$ trillion/ year

32
Q

Subsyndromal disorders

A

Versions of psychological disorders that do not meet diagnostic criteria

33
Q

More than half of those with clinically significant disorders…

A

Do not receive treatment

34
Q

Who is more likely to seek therapy?

A

Women, European Americans

35
Q

Why would people not want to seek therapy?

A
  • Financial barrier
  • Stigma
  • Need to see the problem and want to get help
36
Q

What % of people get worse with therapy?

A

5-10%

37
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

A
  • present focused
  • Problems clients want to address
  • Structured, and usually with homework
  • Wants to form new thought patterns and behaviours
38
Q

Third wave therapies

A

Modify the hold that our thoughts and behaviours have on us

39
Q

Acceptance and Commitment Therapy

A

Third wave therapy
- Greater awareness and acceptance of thoughts and feelings

40
Q

Mindfulness-based stress reduction

A

Third wave therapy
- Present in the moment
- Views thoughts and feelings as passing
- Derived from Eastern meditative traditions

41
Q

Correlation between physical activity and mental health

A

Mental health improves as physical activity increases!

42
Q

Exposure to nature…

A

Increases levels of well-being
- why there are courtyards in hospitals, buildings

43
Q

Urban areas…

A

Have a higher prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders
- Activation of the amygdala (stress response)

44
Q

Empirically supported Treatments

A

Treatments that research shows to be effective

45
Q

Dodo bird effect

A

A variety of treatments can be equally effective

46
Q

Behavioural therapy is typically beneficial for…

A

Anxiety (phobias)

47
Q

Cognitive therapy is typically beneficial for…

A

Mood disorders, panic disorder, bulimia nervosa

48
Q

Experiential therapy is typically beneficial for…

A

Anxiety and depression

PSYCH 101 (9 decks)

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