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Mental Health Nursing > COGNITIVE > Flashcards

COGNITIVE Flashcards

1
Q

What composes Cognition?

A
  • Reason
  • Judgement
  • Comprehension Attention
  • Memory Perception
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2
Q

There is something wrong with the brain

A

Impaired Cognition

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3
Q

Being out of one’s furrow ( lutang )
- Disturbed consciousness
- Disturbed cognition
- Confused patients
- Acute and reversible

A

DELIRIUM

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4
Q

Manifestations of Delirium
(DELIRIUM)

A

D - Disorientation or disturbed sensory perception
E – Emotional response is inappropriate
L – Level of Consciousness alteration
I – Impaired Judgement
R – Restlessness / Reversible
I – Illogical speech
U – Unsustained attention
M – Medical Condition (Underlying)

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5
Q
  • A CHRONIC and mostly IRREVERSIBLE neurodegenerative disease
  • Progressive deterioration of cognition
A

DEMENTIA

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6
Q

a type of dementia that is reversible

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Dementia

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7
Q
  • The most common cause of neurocognitive disorders
  • A type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior.
  • Can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities.
A

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

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8
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

A
  • Age
  • Low levels of education
  • Gender
  • Hereditary
  • Head injury
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9
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

  • What age does alzheimer’s disease usually occur? What is the early onset and late onset?
A

Elderly at 65 yrs old
- Early Onset Dementia = <65
- Late Onset Dementia = >65

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10
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

  • Alzheimer is common among which gender?
A

Female

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11
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

  • Who are most at risk for Alzheimer’s Disease?
A

Boxers - their head is always being hit while playing.

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12
Q

What is the MAIN PROBLEM with Alzheimer’s disease

A

Decrease in acetylcholine

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13
Q

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of Alzheimer’s disease and explain

A

↓ Acetylcholine
↓
↑ Senile Plaques & Neurofibrillary Tangles
↓
↑Brain Cell Death
↓
↓ Brain Mass

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14
Q

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of Alzheimer’s disease and explain (NMDA)

A

↑ NMDA + Glutamate = Excitotoxicity
↓
Brain Cell Death
↓
Decreased Acetylcholine

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15
Q

CLASSIC BEHAVIORS of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • Memory Loss
  • Illusion/Hallucination
  • Delusion
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16
Q

FIVE A’S of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • Aphasia
  • Anomia
  • Agnosia
  • Apraxia
  • Amnesia
17
Q

Define Aphasia

A

inability to understand/express yourself in words

18
Q

Differentiate receptive, expressive and global aphasia

A

a. Receptive – inability to comprehend and
analyze what you are hearing.
b. Expressive – can’t convert your thoughts into
words.
c. Global – patients experience both receptive
and expressive aphasia

19
Q

Define Anomia

A

inability to recognize/name objects

20
Q

Define Agnosia

A

inability to name and use objects

21
Q

Define Apraxia

A

inability to perform previously learned
activities of daily living

22
Q

Define Amnesia

A

memory loss

23
Q

What is Anterogade and retrogade in amnesia?

A

a. Anterograde – forgetting the immediate past – Forgets where you place your house keys.

b. Retrograde – forgetting the distant past
– forgets what school you went for elementary/highschool

24
Q

patients of Alzheimer’s disease who are experiencing amnesia, will manifest what?

A

CONFABULATION (filling in/invention of memory)

25
Q

What are the PERSONALITY CHANGES in Alzheimer’s disease?

A
  • Personality Changes (irritable, aggressive)
  • Wandering (naliligaw)
  • Sundowning (become more agitated by 5 or 6 pm)
26
Q

What are the NURSING DIAGNOSIS in Alzheimer’s disease?

A
  • Altered thought process
  • Risk for injury
  • Self-Care Deficit
27
Q

PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT in Alzheimer’s disease

(CAREN)

A

These drugs don’t cure Alzheimer’s but slows down
the progression of the disease.
C - Cognex
A - Aricept
R - Razodyne
E - Exelon
- AChE inhibitors (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors)

N - Namdenda
- NMDA Antagonist

28
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer’s disease
(SURE)

A

S - Safety
U - Use simple words
R - Re-orient
E - Environment

29
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer’s disease
(SURE)

  • How will you ensure safety?
A

limit use of siderails, clutter-free environment

30
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer’s disease
(SURE)

  • How will you re-orient?
A
  • use clocks, calendars, seasonal decorations except for Halloween
31
Q

NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer’s disease
(SURE)

  • Environment
A

should be well lit & low stimuli

32
Q

Interventions for Aphasia

A

Use simple words, pen & paper (Magic Slate), picture board

33
Q

Interventions for Anomia and Agnosia

A
  • Always introduce yourself
  • Put label on objects
  • Demonstrate the use of objects
34
Q

Interventions for Apraxia

A

Use step-by-step instructions Provide schedule of activity

35
Q

Interventions for Amnseia

A

Reminisce therapy

Mental Health Nursing (34 decks)

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