COGNITIVE Flashcards

1
Q

What composes Cognition?

A
  • Reason
  • Judgement
  • Comprehension Attention
  • Memory Perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

There is something wrong with the brain

A

Impaired Cognition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Being out of one’s furrow ( lutang )
- Disturbed consciousness
- Disturbed cognition
- Confused patients
- Acute and reversible

A

DELIRIUM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Manifestations of Delirium
(DELIRIUM)

A

D - Disorientation or disturbed sensory perception
E – Emotional response is inappropriate
L – Level of Consciousness alteration
I – Impaired Judgement
R – Restlessness / Reversible
I – Illogical speech
U – Unsustained attention
M – Medical Condition (Underlying)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • A CHRONIC and mostly IRREVERSIBLE neurodegenerative disease
  • Progressive deterioration of cognition
A

DEMENTIA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

a type of dementia that is reversible

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Dementia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • The most common cause of neurocognitive disorders
  • A type of dementia that causes problems with memory, thinking, and behavior.
  • Can seriously affect a person’s ability to carry out daily activities.
A

ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

A
  • Age
  • Low levels of education
  • Gender
  • Hereditary
  • Head injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

  • What age does alzheimer’s disease usually occur? What is the early onset and late onset?
A

Elderly at 65 yrs old
- Early Onset Dementia = <65
- Late Onset Dementia = >65

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

  • Alzheimer is common among which gender?
A

Female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

RISK FACTORS for ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

  • Who are most at risk for Alzheimer’s Disease?
A

Boxers - their head is always being hit while playing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the MAIN PROBLEM with Alzheimer’s disease

A

Decrease in acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of Alzheimer’s disease and explain

A

↓ Acetylcholine

↑ Senile Plaques & Neurofibrillary Tangles

↑Brain Cell Death

↓ Brain Mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

PATHOPHYSIOLOGY of Alzheimer’s disease and explain (NMDA)

A

↑ NMDA + Glutamate = Excitotoxicity

Brain Cell Death

Decreased Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

CLASSIC BEHAVIORS of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • Memory Loss
  • Illusion/Hallucination
  • Delusion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

FIVE A’S of Alzheimer’s disease

A
  • Aphasia
  • Anomia
  • Agnosia
  • Apraxia
  • Amnesia
17
Q

Define Aphasia

A

inability to understand/express yourself in words

18
Q

Differentiate receptive, expressive and global aphasia

A

a. Receptive – inability to comprehend and
analyze what you are hearing.
b. Expressive – can’t convert your thoughts into
words.
c. Global – patients experience both receptive
and expressive aphasia

19
Q

Define Anomia

A

inability to recognize/name objects

20
Q

Define Agnosia

A

inability to name and use objects

21
Q

Define Apraxia

A

inability to perform previously learned
activities of daily living

22
Q

Define Amnesia

A

memory loss

23
Q

What is Anterogade and retrogade in amnesia?

A

a. Anterograde – forgetting the immediate past – Forgets where you place your house keys.

b. Retrograde – forgetting the distant past
– forgets what school you went for elementary/highschool

24
Q

patients of Alzheimer’s disease who are experiencing amnesia, will manifest what?

A

CONFABULATION (filling in/invention of memory)

25
What are the PERSONALITY CHANGES in Alzheimer's disease?
* Personality Changes (irritable, aggressive) * Wandering (naliligaw) * Sundowning (become more agitated by 5 or 6 pm)
26
What are the NURSING DIAGNOSIS in Alzheimer's disease?
* Altered thought process * Risk for injury * Self-Care Deficit
27
PHARMACOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT in Alzheimer's disease (CAREN)
These drugs don’t cure Alzheimer’s but slows down the progression of the disease. C - Cognex A - Aricept R - Razodyne E - Exelon - AChE inhibitors (acetylcholinesterase inhibitors) N - Namdenda - NMDA Antagonist
28
NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer's disease (SURE)
S - Safety U - Use simple words R - Re-orient E - Environment
29
NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer's disease (SURE) - How will you ensure safety?
limit use of siderails, clutter-free environment
30
NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer's disease (SURE) - How will you re-orient?
- use clocks, calendars, seasonal decorations except for Halloween
31
NURSING INTERVENTIONS for Alzheimer's disease (SURE) - Environment
should be well lit & low stimuli
32
Interventions for Aphasia
Use simple words, pen & paper (Magic Slate), picture board
33
Interventions for Anomia and Agnosia
- Always introduce yourself - Put label on objects - Demonstrate the use of objects
34
Interventions for Apraxia
Use step-by-step instructions Provide schedule of activity
35
Interventions for Amnseia
Reminisce therapy