Cognition

Question 1

cognition

Answer 1

• range of mental processes or thinking skills that enable people to learn and function in daily life
• processes such as attention, decision making, problem solving, behavioral regulation, memory, language

Question 2

sustained attention

Answer 2

ability to concentrate or focus attention on one activity for a prolonged time without being distracted

Question 3

selective attention

Answer 3

ability to suppress unwanted stimuli and filter distractions that are not relevant, instead focusing on what is desired and relevant for task completion or engagement

Question 4

alternating attention

Answer 4

ability to shift the focus of attention between two or more different tasks

Question 5

divided attention

Answer 5

ability to share attention between two activities simultaneously

Question 6

short term memory

Answer 6

• ability of the human mind to hold a limited amount of information temporarily, generally for a few seconds to a few minute

Question 7

long term memory

Answer 7

Declarative
•Semantic – storage of facts
•Episodic - ability to recall a specific autobiographical event in its original context

Nondeclarative
•Procedural – skills and habits
•Conditioning – stimulus predicts that an event will occur
•Priming - increased ability to classify or detect an item due to recent exposure with the same or similar item
•Perceptual – visual, auditory and other perceptual information used for long-term memo

Question 8

working memory

Answer 8

keep info available over brief periods of time for use in directing purposeful behavior

***most impaired in mental illness

Question 9

executive function

Answer 9

concept comprehension
abstract reasoning
planning - sequencing, organizing, strategy
problem solving - flexibility, response inhibition

Question 10

3 general accepted core executive functions

Answer 10

• inhibition
• cognitive flexibility
• working memory

Question 11

functional problems with executive function

Answer 11

cog flex - difficult to think outside of norm

social flex and adaptation - children told what to do, adults expected to “get it”

dominance of bottom up processing

Question 12

social cognition

Answer 12

thinking about self and others within social contexts

ability to construct representations about others, self, and relationships

Question 13

emotional perception

Answer 13

reading facial expressions

Question 14

theory of mind

Answer 14

taking the perspectives of others

Question 15

attributional style

Answer 15

interpreting others’ intentions

Question 16

social perception

Answer 16

getting the “gist” of social situations

Question 17

dysregulation in new social situations

Answer 17

unpredictability leads to distress

dec in “big picture” thinking and social nuances

Question 18

rigid social cognitive style

Answer 18

difficulty coming up with responses to social problems when contexts change

Question 19

increase effort to retrieve stored info regarding social cues and language leads to

Answer 19

poverty of speech, blunted affect

Question 20

cognitive deficits in psychiatric disorders

Answer 20

• low IQ a risk factor for schizophrenia

- cognitive decline and intellectual underperformance

Question 21

active treatment vs. maintenance management

Answer 21

consider negative symptoms too in addition to positive symptoms

Question 22

tx - cognitive remediation

Answer 22

neuro plasticity
environmental enrichment
learning with the goal of improving functional outcomes
- targets cognitive deficits
- drill/practice, problem solving exercises, coaching

Question 23

tx - cognitive enhancement therapy

Answer 23

focus on social cognition

computer exercises, coaches

Question 24

better functional outcomes in cog rehab

Answer 24

cognitive remediation + psychiatric rehab

CRT + emotional perception remediation

Question 25

better functional outcomes in cog rehab

Answer 25

cognitive remediation + psychiatric rehab

CRT + emotional perception remediation

Question 26

teaching compensatory strategies

Answer 26

insight into difficulties is needed
assess individual’s strengths and weaknesses
learning style/preferences

Question 27

cognitive disability model

Answer 27

• does not support improvement in cognition
• improvement in fx can occur from: caregiver training, environmental mod, adaptations, cueing, sensory modulation
• promote social interaction/participation to improve social cognition

6 levels

Question 28

level 1 of cognition

Answer 28

severe disability, conscious but does not experience self as separate from environment

Question 29

level 2

Answer 29

motivated to remain in state of comfort, primitive sense of self, bizarre posturing

Question 30

level 3

Answer 30

response to tactile cues, repetitive or pointless/inappropriate actions

Question 31

level 4

Answer 31

• reliant on visual cues, complies with actions for ST goal

daily routines can be followed, some sustained attention

Question 32

level 5

Answer 32

overt trial and error, experimentation to problem solve, new learning, inductive reasoning

Question 33

level 6

Answer 33

absence of stability, symbolic cues guide motor action, hypothetical thinking, organized before, follow directions

Question 34

functional information processing system

Answer 34

• used to construct all of the models in the ACL scale
• mental process used to guide actions
  describes use of remaining abilities with a disabled brain
• age of onset has significant impact on remaining abilities (older has more prior knowledge and memories)

Question 35

essential features of functional info processing model

Answer 35

Cues - Summarize what external stimuli make sense and have meaning for each mode of performance

Attention - executive control of working memory for intentionally registering and maintaining use of information.

Action/Activity - Observed behavior that results from the operation of the information processing system.

Speed - The rate at which the information processing system operates.

Visual Spatial Processes - The underlying mental processes of working memory that are applied to understanding material objects and space

Verbal Propositional Processes - The underlying mental processes of working memory that are applied to understanding communication, social order, and time

Memory - The understanding of what one is doing now and what one has learned

Question 36

allen cognitive battery

Answer 36

Consists of several tools for evaluating attention, problem solving, and learning in persons with brain conditions resulting in some cognitive restrictions
◦Allen Cognitive Level Screen (ACLS) - a leather-lacing test that provides a quick measure of learning/cognitive abilities. ◦Allen Diagnostic Module (ADM)
◦Routine Task Inventory (RTI)