Anxiety Disorders

Question 1

most common mental health concern in the uS

Answer 1

anxiety disorders

Question 2

3 categories

Answer 2

1. anxiety disorders
2. obsessive compulsive disorders
3. trauma and stressor related disorders

Question 3

anxiety disorders

Answer 3

• General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
• Separation Anxiety Disorder
• Selective Mutism
• Specific Phobia
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Panic Disorder
• Agoraphobia

Question 4

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Answer 4

• Chronic, exaggerated worrying about everyday life that occurs most of the time for at least 6 months
• 3+:
  •Restlessness
  •Increased fatigue
  •Impaired concentration
  •Irritability
  •Increased muscle aches
  •Difficulty sleeping

Question 5

Social Anxiety Disorder

Answer 5

• intense fear of social situations when they believe they may be judged or humiliated by others
• avoidance, isolation, loneliness
• may result in a panic attack
• high risk of substance abuse or depression

Question 6

Panic Disorder

Answer 6

• episodic, unexpected panic attacks and sudden feelings of terror
• can be mistaken for a heart attack
  4+ symptoms:
• inc. HR, sweating, shortness of breath, nausea, dizziness, fear of LOC, fear of dying
• can be applied to any diagnostic category

Question 7

Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders

Answer 7

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
•Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
•Hoarding Disorder: Persistent difficulty discarding items, significant accumulation of possession that causes clutter, impaired functioning as a result
•Trichotillomania (TTM): Chronic hair pulling disorder
•Excoriation Disorder (ED): Recurrent picking of skin triggered by stress, anger, anxiety, boredom

Question 8

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 8

• cycle that is extreme, time consuming, and interferes with daily life

Obsessions: ruminating unwanted and intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that trigger intensely distressing feelings (germ exposure, superstitions)

Compulsions: behaviors that attempt to get rid of the obsession or decrease dishes; can be repetitive (showering, checking, counting, arranging)

Question 9

Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders

Answer 9

• Reactive Attachment Disorder: caused by social neglect; results in the inability of a child to form normal relationships (withdrawn)
• Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder: caused by social neglect; similar to reactive attachment disorder but results in externalizing behavior
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Acute Stress Disorder (ASD)
• Adjustment Disorder

Question 10

PTSD

Answer 10

4 core symptoms:

• reexperiencing trauma
• avoiding reminders of the trauma
• hyperarousal or hypervigilance
• cognition and mood symptoms
• 1 of each of the symptoms for at least a month (adults)
• children: wetting bed, forgetting how to talk, acting out scary even, clingy

Question 11

Assessments and evaluations

Answer 11

Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale
•Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7)
•Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOSC) •Primary Care PTSD Screen (PC-PTSD)
•Variety of PTSD tools available from National Center for PTSD
•OT Specific Evaluation

Question 12

Treatments - psychopharmacology

Answer 12

SSRIs
SNRIs
Benzodiazepines
Beta blockers

Question 13

general treatment

Answer 13

CBT
Exposure Therapy
Eye movement desensitization
Biofeedback

Question 14

OT approaches

Answer 14

• identify areas of occupational deficits
• evaluation of routine and environment
• relaxation training
• expressive activities
• sensory modulation
• education