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A level Geography (me) > Coastal processes > Flashcards

Coastal processes Flashcards

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1
Q

(EL)

A

Erosional Landforms

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2
Q

(EL) How is a wave cut platform formed?

A

Waves attack base of cliff through abrasion, corrosion, hydraulic action, attrition.

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3
Q

(EL) What happens over time in a wave-cut platform

A

The cliff will be undercut and a wave-cut notch is formed

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4
Q

(EL) What happens after the notch in a wave cut platform

A

The cliff becomes unstable and collapses

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5
Q

(EL) Example of a wave-cut platform

A

Kimmeridge Bay, Dorset

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6
Q

(EL) What happens to less resistant clay in Headlands and Bays.

A

Wave attack through Hydraulic action and attrition cause erosion to soft clay, making hard rock stick out as headlands.

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7
Q

(EL) What happens after this in the middle of two headlands?

A

During calm periods the sheltered bay allows deposition leading to beaches forming.

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8
Q

(EL) What is a concordant coast?

A

Has the same rocktype all along so less headlands and bays formed. (just soft and hard rock)

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9
Q

(EL) What is our example of a concordant coast?

A

Lulworth Cove

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10
Q

(EL) What is a discordant coastline?

A

different rocks and clay with different levels of erosion needed to erode.

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11
Q

(EL) What is our example of a discordant coastline?

A

Swanage Bay

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12
Q

(EL) What causes Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

A

Processes of hydraulic action and attrition acting over time develop these landforms.

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13
Q

(EL) What is our example of a coast with Caves, Arches, Stacks and Stumps

A

Harry’s Rock, Dorset

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14
Q

(EL) Where do Geo and Blowholes occur?

A

Occur on the same coastline as caves, arches, stacks and stumps.

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15
Q

(EL) What is a Geo

A

An inlet that looks like a waterfall gorge that has been eroded over time.

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16
Q

(EL) What is our example of Geo’s and Blowhole’s?

A

Harry’s Rock, Dorset

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17
Q

(EL) What is a blowhole

A

A hole in the top of the rocks that has been created by up-welling waves and cutting through the top of the rock.

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18
Q

(DL)

A

Depositional Landforms

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19
Q

(DL) What tides create the largest beaches?

A

Spring tides create the largest beaches with lots of material carried within the swash.

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20
Q

(DL) What changes the type of material on coastline?

A

The strength of the tide

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21
Q

(DL) What is our example of a beach

A

West Wittering

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22
Q

(DL) How are spits formed?

A

Formed through the process of LONGSHORE DRIFT transporting the material. Form due to a change in shape of the coastline.

23
Q

(DL) How does swash move in LSD?

A

At angles depending on wind strength and direction

24
Q

(DL) How does backwash move in LSD?

A

Directly back out to see, due to the influence of GRAVITY.

25
Q

(DL) What is our example of a spit?

A

Spurn point

26
Q

(DL) What is an Offshore bar

A

Deposits of sand and shingle situated some distance from a coastline - Usually form below sea level. Big waves crash down and bring sediment back

27
Q

(DL) Why do Offshore bars form?

A

in shallow seas when waves away from shore, where steap waves hit a beach and a big backwash occurs.

28
Q

(DL) What is our example of an offshore bar

A

Loe bar, Cornwall

29
Q

(DL) What is a barrier beach

A

A lagoon surrounded inland

30
Q

(DL) How is a barrier beach formed

A

Created where a spit develops across a bay as there are no strong currents to stop the process.

31
Q

(DL) What is our example of a barrier beach

A

Slapton, Devon

32
Q

(DL) What is a Tombolo

A

A spit which has grown from mainland out to conjoin an OFFSHORE-BAR

33
Q

(DL) One method of Tombolo formation

A

Drift alligned - so in the direction of longshore drift depositing sediment.

34
Q

(DL) What is the other method of Tomolo formation

A

Through wave shadow if wind is coming from the offshore direction.

35
Q

(DL) What is our example of a Tombolo

A

Chesil beach, Weymouth

36
Q

(DL) Where do Sand dunes get taller

A

The further inland you go

37
Q

(DL) What is an embryo dune

A

The smallest dune nearest to the coast

38
Q

(DL) What makes Sand Dunes sturdy?

A

Marram grass and other vegetation

39
Q

(DL) What colours are sand dunes?

A

Yellow closer to sea, grey further out due to bacteria.

40
Q

(DL) What separates each sand dune

A

A slack, formed by sediment removed by wind.

41
Q

(DL) What is our example of a Sand Dune?

A

Studland beach

42
Q

(DL) How are salt marshes formed

A

They’re created when mud and silt are deposited along a sheltered part of the coastline.

43
Q

(DL) What vegetation is in salt marshes

A

Halophytic vegetation

44
Q

(EM)

A

Emergent features (appear when sea level falls)

45
Q

(EM) what is a Marine platform

A

A staircase style cliff, with an overhang on lower layer due to hydraulic action and attrition on the rocks.

46
Q

(EM) What is our example of Marine Platforms?

A

Quatemary Marine, NZ

47
Q

(EM) What is a raised beach

A

Areas of former wave-cut platforms and their beaches which are lying above sea level

48
Q

(EM) What is our example of a Raised Beach?

A

Kincraig point, Scotland

49
Q

(SM)

A

Submergent landforms, appear when sea level rises

50
Q

(SM) What is a Ria

A

A drowned river valley

As sea level rises they have flooded the river valley and left only high land visible

51
Q

(SM) What is our example of a Ria

A

Kingsbury, Devon

52
Q

(SM) What is a Fjord

A

A drowned glacial valley.

As sea levels rise, U-shaped valleys left by glaciers are submerged.

53
Q

(SM) What are features of Fjords?

A

Steep tall sides, narrow body of water leading into away or into coast

A level Geography (me) (7 decks)

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