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GCSE Core Biology > Cloning > Flashcards

Cloning Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 types of cloning

A

Plant cuttings
Tissue culture
Embryo transplants

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2
Q

What is “plant cuttings”

A

It is where the farmer takes a cutting from a good parent plant,making a new plant from the cutting

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3
Q

What are 2 advantages to plant cuttings

A

Cheap

Quick

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4
Q

Where are plant cuttings usually taken from

A

Stem or leaf

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5
Q

What is used in plant cuttings to encourage the growth of the new plant

A

Hormone powder

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6
Q

How many clones can be produced in plant cuttings from one parent

A

1

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7
Q

What is tissue culture

A

Taking cells from a good parent plant and allowing the cells to grow in a growth medium with help of hormones to produce a new plant

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8
Q

Two advantages of tissue culture

A

Quick and easy

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9
Q

Disadvantage of tissues culture

A

Expensive

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10
Q

How many offspring can be made from tissue culture

A

Thousands

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11
Q

What are embryo transplants

A

Taking sperm and egg cells from separate donor parents and artificially fusing them to gain offspring

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12
Q

What example is there of embryo transplantation

A

Bulls&Cows

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13
Q

Describe embryo transplants with bulls and cows

A
  • Sperm cell taken from prize bull
  • Egg cell taken from prize cow
  • Sperm is used to artificially fertilise the egg cell
  • Embryo developed is split many times to make multiple clones before any cells are specialised
  • Cloned embryos can be implanted into other surrogate mother cows where they become baby calves genetically identical to their biological parent NOT the surrogate
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14
Q

Two disadvantages of embryo transplants

A

Long

Expensive

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15
Q

How many clones can be produced from one round of embryo transplants

A

8-10

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16
Q

What is adult cell cloning

A

Where the nucleus of a donor adult body cell is fused with an empty donor egg cell to produce offspring

17
Q

What example of animals can adult cell cloning have

A

Sheep

Cows

18
Q

Describe adult cell cloning with sheep

A
  • Body cell is taken from an adult donor sheep
  • Egg cell is taken from a donor sheep
  • Nucleus is removed from both cells and the nucleus from the egg is discarded
  • Nucleus from the adult body cell is fused with an electric shock with the empty donor egg cell to start division
  • Cell divides and form an embryo which is implanted into a donor mother
  • Live animal is born identical to the biological parent NOT the surrogate mother

GCSE Core Biology (20 decks)

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