Cloning Flashcards
what are the methods of cloning
-embryo manipulation: embryo splitting, in blastomere stage
-embryo sectioning: morula or blastocyst stage
-nuclear transfer: blastomere, embryonic cell, fibroblast cell (diffremtiated)
what is toady poatent
means the egg can become anything
what is the inner cell mass of the blastocyst
inner cell mass=embryonic stem cells
embryo sectioning
-embryos cut in half often survive
-quartered rarely survive
-true “clone” of eachother
-in blastula can only be cut in calf due to the un even distribution of cells
nuclear transplantation
-enucleated oocyte
-donor cell is diploid (blastomere, ECS (both before dolly), somatic
-fuse
-transfer to surrogate
what is the process of nuclear transplantation
-oocyte/ovum is enucleated
-blastomere is the doner cell
-transfer donor into enucleated oocyte
-fuse ooplasm into donor cell
do clones always look alike
no but they still have the same nuclear genome
nuclear transplantation growth
not equal
are the genomes identical of clones
-nuclear is but not mitochondrial
-mitochondrial reflects the mitochondria from the recipient ova used
what does nuclear transplantation use
clone using fetal cells, differentiates but embryonic
cloning of large offspring
-IGF2R
-imprinting maybe turned off during cloning and result in offspring that are abnormally large
are clones safe to eat
FDA says cloned animals are safe to eat
why does the kennel club suggest not cloning
it is not inline with the values which is improvment of the breed
interspecies cloning
-done for endangered species
-times of desperate need
embryo fusion
-chimera mouse (fusion of portions of 3 mouse embryos of different colors)
-made of different cells
-take embryos and put them in denucleated eggs
-same as seen in wild
