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BACTE - BACTERIAL STRUCTURE > CLINICAL SPECIMENS > Flashcards

CLINICAL SPECIMENS Flashcards

1
Q

Temperature sensitive

A

N. meningitidis; Haemophilus

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2
Q

Anticoagulant for Blood Culture

A

0.025% SPS

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3
Q

Not to be used in Microbiology

A

EDTA & CITRATE

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4
Q

Common pathogens of CSF

A

IMP

H. influenza,
N. meningitidis
S. pneumoniae

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5
Q

Media for urine spx

A

Blood agar plate / MacConkey

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6
Q

Major cause of UTI:

A

E.coli

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7
Q

Suprapubic aspirate is for

A

anaerobic culture

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8
Q

Suitable preservative for urine spx

A

boric acid

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9
Q

Considered significant urine value

A

> 100,000
for UTI / >50,000 CFU/ml

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10
Q

Considered NOT significant urine value

A

<10,000 CFU/ml

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11
Q

Blood Culture dilution factor:

A

1 : 10

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12
Q

Blood Culture media

A

BHI broth ( conventional 7- 10 days)
automated : 3 - 5 days of result

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13
Q

Oxidase (+)

A

ViCAP

Vibrio
Campylobacter
Aeromonas
Plesiomonas

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14
Q

Oxidase (-):

A

SaShi

Salmonella
Shigella

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15
Q

Media for stool

A

MAC, BAP, SSA, TCBS, APW, HEA, Selenite F broth

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16
Q

causes neurodegenerative diseases

A

Prions

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17
Q

Non-lipid viruses

A

RhiPoCo

Rhinoviruses
Polio
Coxsackie

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18
Q

Fungi

A

CanCry

Candida, Cryptococcus

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19
Q

Steam under pressure

A

autoclave

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20
Q

Tyndallization, sporicidal, Intermittent Sterilization

A

Arnold Sterilizer

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21
Q

Thickening thru evaporation

A

Inspissation

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22
Q

checks efficacy of autoclave

A

Kilit Ampule

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23
Q

indicates well maintained autoclave

A

Black

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24
Q

need maintenance

A

Half gray

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25
Q

Pasteurization

A

Low Temperature Holding
30 mins at 63-65C
High Temperature Short Time
15 secs at 72C
Ultra High Temperature
3-5 secs at 140C

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25
Q

Oven

A

1 hr & 30 mins to 2 hrs at 160-180C

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26
Q

QC strain for Oven

A

Bacillus Subtilis

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27
Q

Incineration

A

300-400C

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28
Q

Ethylene Oxide

A

Kills microbes and endospores; highly penetrating
4 to 18 hours

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29
Q

Radiation

A

Ionizing radiation
Short wavelengths (less than 1 nanometer)
UV light rays
Wavelength longer than 1 nm
Microwave radiation
Wavelengths ranges from 1 mm to 1 meter

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30
Q

sterilize heat labile substances such as serum, plasma and certain carbohydrate solution, enzymes, vaccines, antibiotic solutions

A

Filtration

31
Q

Best to preserve culture; water is removed by high vacuum

A

Lyophilization/Freeze Drying

32
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Preserve foods
Most resistant: yeasts and molds

33
Q

sporocidal

34
Q

Sterilant; Less irritating and more effective than HCHO

A

Glutaraldehyde

35
Q

Commonly used as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution.

A

Formaldehyde

35
Q

Commonly used as formalin, a 37% aqueous solution.

A

Formaldehyde

36
Q

used extensively to preserve biological specimens and inactivate viruses and bacteria in vaccines

37
Q

Used to kill algae in pools and fish tanks

38
Q

used in shampoo; Kills fungi and spores

39
Q

used as antifungal in paints

A

Zinc oxide

40
Q

used in mouth wash

A

zinc chloride

41
Q

Effective in disinfection of inanimate objects.
Sporicidal at higher temperatures.
used also cleaning for contact lens

42
Q

More effective killing agent than chlorine, but less
stable and more expensive

43
Q

can kill the bacteria less than 5 mins
spores/ viruses : 30 mins

A

Oxidizing Agents

44
Q

One of the most effective liquid sporicides
Used widely in disinfection of food and medical instruments because it does not leave toxic residues

A

Peracetic acid

45
Q

acne medications

A

Benzoyl Peroxide

46
Q

Skin irritant and has a strong odor
Stable, persist for long time after application
standard disinfectants

47
Q

QUATS

A

Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

48
Q

mostly seen in WIPES or Dishwashing Liquids, air refresher soap

49
Q

Disinfectant with antimicrobial efficacies
Cannot mix with bleach
Effective against gram positive bacteria, less effective against gram-negative bacteria
Also destroy fungi, amoebas, and enveloped viruses

Ex. Zephiran (benzalkonium chloride)

50
Q

Technique for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST)

A

Kierby Bauer Technique (Qualitative Method)

51
Q

AST medium

A

Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA)

52
Q

lowest concentration of antimicrobial agent in ug/mL that prevents the in vitro growth of bacteria

A

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

53
Q

Medium for Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC)

A

MH broth (liquid) or BHI broth

54
Q

resistant to all beta lactams
cefoxitin disk performs better than the oxacillin disk in detecting oxacillin-resistant staphylococci by the disk diffusion

A

MRSA (Oxacillin)

55
Q

Positive D zone test:

A

flattening zone around Clindamycin

56
Q

Negative D zone test:

A

resistance in Erythromyacin but sensitive in Clindamycin

57
Q

ESBLs

A

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamases

58
Q

they are all resistance in cephalosporins, aztreonam and penicillin

59
Q

known as DOUBLE DISK synergy test

A

Key Hole test

60
Q

Positive MODIFIED HODGE TEST

A

formation of clover-leaf pattern

61
Q

Negative MODIFIED HODGE TEST

A

no formation of clover-leaf pattern

62
Q

producing Enterobacteriaceae

A

Carbapenemase (CPE)

63
Q

MALDI-TOF MS

A

Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry

64
Q

direct identification of bacteria from blood culture broths

A

MALDI-TOF MS

65
Q

Protecting people from dangerous pathogens

A

Laboratory Biosafety

66
Q

Protecting the pathogens from dangerous people

A

Biosecurity

67
Q

Biosafety Level 1

A

minimal risk ( subtilis )

68
Q

Biosafety Level 2

A

moderate risk ( e coli and salmonella)

69
Q

Biosafety Level 3

A

serious/ lethal (brucella, MTB)

70
Q

Biosafety Level 4

A

aerosol / fatal ( no treatment) e bola and lassa virus

71
Q

Biosafety Cabinets Class I

A

exhaust air thru hepa filter (no product protection)
Commonly used for mixture of reagents

72
Q

Biosafety Cabinets Class II

A

exhaust and recirculated air thru hepa filter with product protection

73
Q

Biosafety Cabinets Class IIa

A

exhausts air inside the room 70% of air is recirculated; 30# is exhausted

74
Q

Biosafety Cabinets Class IIb

A

exhausts air outside the building
MUST for Microbiology lab hospitals

75
Q

Biosafety Cabinets Class III

A

enclosed; air circulating inside the workstation has already been filtered

BACTE - BACTERIAL STRUCTURE (15 decks)

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