Clinical Orientation FINAL SG Flashcards
Sally Sue is a 35 YO female who presents for her cleaning today. She tells you “My gums are bleeding when I brush”. She had infective endocarditis when she was 12yo. Is pregnant and has experienced morning sickness for 3 months and taking prenatal vitamins. Allergic to Mezlin
what is appropriate prophylactic antibiotic premedication regimen?
Clindamycin 600mg orally 1 hour before procedure
Sally Sue is a 35 YO female who presents for her cleaning today. She tells you “My gums are bleeding when I brush”. She had infective endocarditis when she was 12yo. Is pregnant and has experienced morning sickness for 3 months and taking prenatal vitamins. Allergic to Mezlin
without prophylatic antibiotic premedication this patient is at risk of developing
endocarditis
a blood pressure reading of 142/93mmHg is classified as
mild hypertension
an example of a latent infection is
shingles
an example of an RNA virus is
hepatitis A
infection in bloodstream could be termed all except
focal
which is the mechanism of antiviral action of AZT
inhibits reverse transcriptase
MOST common testing procedure to detect infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) measures
T-lymphocyte function
HIV belongs to what virus family
retroviridae
when evaluating patients diet, MOST important factor in demineralization process is
frequency of intake of fermentable carbs
all of the following are proper posture techniques to be performed by the practicing clinical hygienist except…
position arms more than 20 degrees away from body
in relationship to the operators hips and knees, which of the following is proper high of operator’s chair except
hips slightly higher than knees
T/F:
to maintain a neutral body posture, the operator should reduce unnecessary bending and stretching during the appointment. One way to do this is to place frequently used instruments an arm’s length from seated position
true and true
all of the following are positions operators should avoid except one
keep wrist in neutral position
all of the following strategies help eliminate or reduce static loading except…
working w/ feet elevated when possible
while providing patient services, how should operator be positioned on the operator’s chair
sit on entire seat w/ both feet on floor
which of the following Korotkoff sounds denotes systolic pressure
1
normal respiration rate for an adult in breaths per minute is
14-20
most common artery to palpate when taking and evaluating the pulse rate is
radial
an increase in pulse rate is
tachycardia
which of the following, in beats per minute, is the normal resting pulse rate for an adult
60-110
what does the surface antigen for hepatitis B indicate
active infection
what serum marker indicates low titer
anti HBe
T/F:
infection with hepatitis A can result in a chronic infection. Hepatitis C and hepatitis E were originally named non-A, non-B hepatitis
false and true
Hepatitis A is transmitted through the
fecal oral route
Hepatitis B is transmitted through
blood and all body fluids
immunity to Heptatits B is indicated by
anti-HBs in blood serum
Hepatitis C can be acquired by
percutaneous
what serum marker correlates with viral replication
HbeAg
hepatitis E is transmitted though
contaminated water and person to person by fecal oral
what serum marker represents HBe antigen
HbeAg
which is true of Hepatitis B
has an incubation period of 2-6 months
percutaneous, blood, needles
HCV
coinfection with HBV, blood, sexual contact, perinatal
delta hepatitis
fecal oral, food, water, shellfish
HAV
blood and all bodily fluids, sexual contact, perinatal
HBV
fecal-oral, contaminated water
HEV
hepatitis vaccine is given at what interval
0,1,6 months
while activating the instrument, the finger rest acts as a
pivot point for movement, stabilizing point for the hand, and fulcrum for activation of wrist forearm motion
rolling the handle of the explorer between the thumb and fingers is important because it
key to adapting working end around line angles and in depressions
when determining the cause of gingival recession on the facial surface of a first premolar, the clinician should observe the attachment of the
buccal frena
which of the following oral structures is associated with the torus palatinus
palatine raphae
what does akyloglossia refer to
short lingual frena
what does ankylosis refer to
prevents eruption and orthodontic movement
Hepatitis D superimposes on the chronic
HbsAg carrier
clostridium tetani (tetanus bacillus), staphylococcus aureus, and enteric bacteria are among the organisms that may travel in the
dust
which of the following lesions is strongly associated with HIV infections
Kaposi’s sarcoma
phase before lesion appears is called the _____ phase
prodrome
in patient states they have a cold sore, fever blister, DH should
reappoint
which fungal infection is most frequently occurring oral infection
oral candidiasis
drug used to treat herpes simplex virus infections
acyclovir
tetanus also known as lock jaw is a
spread though airborne transmission
cause spore forming bacillus
which disease is blood borne
HBV
what does surface antigen for hepatitis B indicate
active infection
full name of dentist who is considered “father of dental hygiene”
Alfred C Fones
first dental hygienist
Irene Newman
coined term odonticurist
F.W. Low
large circular papillae at posterior region of the dorsum of the tongue, that form a “V” shape are called
circumvallate papillae
most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity
squamous cell carcinoma
high risk profile in US for oral cancer is
excessive sun exposure
most common site of oral cavity for oral cancer
lower lip
test can be used in dental office setting and consists of a transepithelial specimen spread on a slide
exfoliated cytology
in HIV/AIDS, which cell in immune system is changed, replicated and then destroyed
T-4 (T-helper lymphocytes)
what procedure would you utilize with treating HIV/AIDS patient
disposable barriers
not a symptom of AIDS
wickham’s striae
not passed on through blood
hepatitis a
Passed on through fecal contamination
Hep A
Type of Hepatitis without vaccine
Hep C
Reflection of light from lingual aspect through the teeth
Transillumination
Operating distance from patients mouth to eyes of operator
16”
Periodontal pocket is a:
Diseased sulcus
Normal adult body temperature range
97.0-99.5
Mesial cavity in mand right second premolar classified as
Class II
Gingival fibers arise from alveolar crest and inserts corona lot into lamina propria
Alveologingingival fibers
Chemical agents EPA registered for surface disinfection include
Sodium hypochlorite, iodophors, synthetic phenols
Structure non keratinized
Sulcular epithelium
Term used to describe a flat, nonraised lesion
Macule
Prerequisite for caries development except
Gingiva
Streptococci most strongly cariogenic bacteria in mouth
S. mutans
Term used to describe lesion that is stem like
Pedunculated
Term describing premalignant lesion
Leukoplakia
Through proper treatment and home care, hygienist hopes patient exhibits what gingival characteristic
Pink, attached, stippled, gingiva, red alveolar mucosa, pointed firm papilla
Hygienist may recognize detrimental oral habits through
Dental or med hx, oral exam, question patient
Most effective way to wear PPE gown
Cover clothing, knit cuffs covering, ties or velcro on back of gown
With 0 degree angulation, the face of curette blade would be
Flat against two surface
Greatest skill effective exploring or scaling distal/lingual line angle of tooth #18
Rolling instrument handle between fingers
Primary reason for removing subgingival calculus bc it:
Acts as mechanical irritant
Chronic liver disease may follow infection with
Hep B & D
Situation NOT an issue when planning dental appt for patient
Drug interactions or clearance
Viruses that persist in body & cause recurrent disease
Latent
Which is not an oral manifestation of HIV
Pneumocystis carnii
Black hairy tongue involves elongation of
Filiform papillae
How often should patient perform oral cancer self exam
Monthly
During oral cancer self exam, encourage patient to report all except
Bad odor
TF
Virus cannot replicate outside a living organism; virus single strand nucleic acid
True; false
TF
HIV can be transmitted by saliva; presence of HIV antibodies indicates immunity for AIDS
False; False
Herpetic lesion of finger
Herpetic whitlow
Infectious mono caused by what
Epstein-Barr virus
Important human disease barrier
Intact skin
40yr old man works at blood bank doesnt wear gloves; what disease might client have?
Hep B
40 year old man:
Best choice of treatment for this client
Refer to physician & reschedule according to physician recommendation
Greatest possibility of contracting herpetic whitlow would be touching patients
Saliva & vesicular lesions
Wearing protective eyewear during professional oral healthcare prevents:
Herpes & injury
After a known carrier of hep B has been treated, dental instruments should be
Processed the same
Hand cleansers least likely to contribute disease transmission
Liquid only
Behaviors associated with hand washing that are recommended
Short scrub beginning of day
DH perform perio therapy on client with no complications what should the DH wear
Protective eyewear, mask, gloves, gown
How often should face mask be changed
After each client
Prevent disease transmission which is most acceptable
Small earrings
Designing sterilization area, whats most crucial
Separation of contaminated and non contaminated areas
Reason for selecting a chemical sterilant for instruments
Limited sterilization few heat sensitive items if ethelyne oxide unavailable
Purchasing spore strips, which do you order
Bacillus stearothermophilus
Mrs needatoothfix’s “fever blisters” are
Herpes simplex
Mrs needatoothfix’s med hx revealed info to make clinician suspect
Diabetes causing exaggerated response to plaque effects & delayed healing
Mrs needatoothfixs contracted primary herpetic infection causing fever blisters between ages of
2-5 years
Behaviors associated with hand washing that are recommended
Short scrub beginning of day
DH perform perio therapy on client with no complications what should the DH wear
Protective eyewear, mask, gloves, gown
How often should face mask be changed
After each client
Prevent disease transmission which is most acceptable
Small earrings
Designing sterilization area, whats most crucial
Separation of contaminated and non contaminated areas
Reason for selecting a chemical sterilant for instruments
Limited sterilization few heat sensitive items if ethelyne oxide unavailable
Purchasing spore strips, which do you order
Bacillus stearothermophilus
Mrs needatoothfix’s “fever blisters” are
Herpes simplex
Mrs needatoothfix’s med hx revealed info to make clinician suspect
Diabetes causing exaggerated response to plaque effects & delayed healing
Mrs needatoothfixs contracted primary herpetic infection causing fever blisters between ages of
2-5 years
mrs. needatoothfix’s tongue is symptomatic of
geographic tongue
what is one disadvantage of chemical vapor pressure sterilization
adequate ventilation necessary
the DHYGst is using a standard dry-heat oven to sterilize instruments. The oven is preheated and the instruments have reached the same temperature as the oven. approximately how long will it take until sterilization is achieved
2 hours
in the autoclave, wrapped instruments packs should be arranged loosely and placed as upright as possible so that
steam can penetrate
most plastics can be renewed by which biologically verifiable method of sterilization
ethlyene oxide
if instruments are sterilized with out being wrapped, they must be
directly transported to treatment area for immediate use
after use, the preferred method of cleaning instruments is by
placing instruments in an ultrasonic cleaning unit
the oral healthcare team uses ethylene oxide for sterilization. if you are responsible for purchasing spore strips to test sterility, which would you order
bacillus subtilis
temperatures over ____ may destroy sharp edges of cutting instruments
160
the term_____lines the tooth socket
radigraphically: lamina dura
formal: alveolar proper
periodontal pockets can best be detected by
probing sulcular area
which of the following about subgingival plaque is true
growth and pathogenicity are strongly influenced by supragingival plaque
which of the following about supracalculus is true
supracalculus does not migrate to become subcalculus
sharpy’s fibers are primarily made of
collagen
tissue consistency refers to
resiliency
mucogingival junction located btwn
attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa
tissue that has little or no keratinization
sulcular epithelium and alveolar mucosa
first bacteria to be deposited on tooth in bacterial plaque formation are
gram positive cocci
the gingival fibers
brace marginal gingiva against tooth
the periodontium consist of all except
enamel
attachment apparatus consist of
PDL, bone, cementum
principal fibers consist of
apical, horizontal, interradicular, oblique, alveolar crest
gingival fibers consist of
dentogingival, transseptal, circumferential, dentoperiosteal, alveologingival
type of mucosa on dorsum of tongue
specialized
area within periodontium most susceptible to tissue breakdown is
gingival sulcus
on completion of client’s gingival assessment, hygienist noted gingivae normal in appearance except on facial area of 28&29. in this area of inflammation, noted on gingival margin. all sucluar readings btwn 1-3mm and bases of sluci are at cej, most accurate description?
localized marginal gingivitis
during periodontal exam 4mm pocket detected on direct facial surface of tooth 19. gingival margin located at CEJ. what type of pocket
periodontal pocket
mucogingival problem exists when
less than 2mm of attached gingiva
gingivitis is initiated most often by
microorganisms and their products
probe reading of 6mm measures distance from
epithelial attachment to gingival margin
localized recession that may be v-shaped, slitlike indention
stillman’s cleft
following most reliable clinical sign of gingival inflammation
bleeding upon gentle probing
following methods most successful for prevention of periodontal disease
regular oral self care practices and regular oral prophylaxis
enlargement of marginal gingiva with formation of a lifesaver-like gingival prominence
mccalls festoons
etiologic factor associated with high risk of oral cancer
habitual smoking
prevention and control of dental diseases are
primarily goal of client education
during oral cancer self exam, all of following conditions indicate to client a significant deviation from normal except
bilateral linear alba
during DH maintenance appt the DHst and patient set goals and determine the course of action for the appointment what phase of process of care
planning
determining that a client is dissatisfied with appearance of his/her tooth should occur within ____ phase
assessment
self examination for oral cancer
introduces concept of “normal ranges”
____ is development of dental caries
cariogenesis
microorganisms that can grow in presence of free oxygen is
aerobe
acute gingivitis appears in about
1 week
plaque is primarily made of what
80% water
what is hardest surface in oral cavity
(enamel but it’s not a choice) dentin
T/F: subgingival plaque develops as result of downgrowth of supragingival plaque bacteria
false
lesions are close to each other with margins that merge are
coalescing
discrete, not running together, may be arranged in clusters
separate
lesions of oral mucosa that appear as bright red patches
erythroplakia
mass of tissue that projects outward from normal surface level called
polyp
periodontal fibers that are located in root furcation area
interradicular
in oral cavity, one way in which lining mucosa differs from masticatory mucosa is that
lining mucosa not keratinized
following 2 diseases represent different forms of infection with same agent
shingles and chickenpox
while a 35yo woman being seated in dental chair, a lesion is noted on lips. it appears as several discrete vesicles; some have ulcerated. when questioned the woman says she always gets sore like that before she gets a cold
herpes labialis
waterlines best disinfected by
3-5 minutes
Not a method of reducing airborne trasmissions of infectious agents
Rinsing mouth with air/water spray
Which statement is false
All disinfection procedures kill bacterial spores and mycobacterium tuberculosis
which is not a method of reducing airborne transmission of infectious agents
rinsing mouth with air/water spray
which statement false
all disinfection on procedures kill bacteria spores
to be classified as hospital-grade disinfectant, a disinfectant must be able to kill
mycobacterium tuberculosis
to retrieve additional gauze from drawer during oral prophylaxis appt. one should do what
wear overgloves
HIV causes significant health changes in infected individuals by
attacking t-4 lymphocytes causing increasing in opportunistic infesting
biological testing during sterilization process must be accomplished on a ____ basis to ensure effectiveness of process
weekly
identify false statement regarding infection control procedures
gloves should be washed btwn pts to prevent spread of disease
all of following standard agents used in disinfection except
alcohols
LA participates in what regional board
CITA
type of supervision LA ? stipulation?
general supervision
hygienist must have been working for 2 years
patient have been seen by dentist first
no new patient under general supervision
which value means performing services for good of patient
beneficence
father of preventive dentistry
Thaddeus P. Hyatt
what is picture of?
oral CDX brush
phenytoin
anticonvulsant
Cyclosporine
immunosuppressant
nephedipine
calcium channel blocker
dilantin
anticonvulsant
neoral
immunosuppressant
procardia
calcium channel blocker
ends in “olol”
beta blocker
most common diuretic
HCTZ
ends in “pril”
ace inhibitor
