Clinical exam review

Question 1

What are the layers that form in a hematocrit tube after centrifugation?

Answer 1

Plasma (Top layer): the lightest layer and occupies the uppermost portion of the tube. makes up about 55% of total blood volume. contains water, electrolytes, proteins (like albumin and fibrinogen).

Buffy Coat (Middle layer): thin, whitish layer lies between the plasma and the red blood cells. contains white blood cells and platelets.

RBCs (Bottom layer): the heaviest and most dense layer, consists of red blood cells, which make up around 45% of the blood volume (known as the hematocrit).

The hematocrit, or packed cell volume (PCV), is typically measured by the proportion of the red blood cell layer compared to the total blood volume in the tube.

Question 2

debudding local anesthetic placement

Answer 2

insert needle 1cm under skin between the zygomatic arch and the zygomatic process of the frontal bone.

aspirate and inject 5 ml procaine or lidocaine. aim toward other eye eesentially.

then do the same on the other wise with the rest of the anesthetic (same syringe and needle).

Question 3

normal calf heart rate

Answer 3

100-140 bpm

Question 4

normal calf temp

Answer 4

38.5-39.5’C

Question 5

normal calf resp rate

Answer 5

24 to 26 breaths per minute is normal in calves <1 month of age.

15 to 30 breaths per minute is normal in older calves

Question 6

process of disbudding a calf

Answer 6

test hot-iron on wood surface. should leave a mark if ready.

palpate horn bud, place hot-iron directly over bud, hold iron still for 2-3 sec then turn it along the bud at a slight angle while applying moderate pressure.

spray burnt bud with disinfectant spray.