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MK ACVD Exam > Claws, hooves, feathers, horns > Flashcards

Claws, hooves, feathers, horns Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the claw is the most active in production of keratinocytes?

A

Claw matrix

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2
Q

What is the word for short claws?

A

Brachyonychia

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3
Q

What is the term for hypertrophy and abnormal curvature of the claws?

A

Onychogryphosis

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4
Q

What is the term for thickening of the claws?

A

Pachyonychia

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5
Q

What is the most common fungal infection of the claw in dogs?

A

Trichophyton mentagrophytes

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6
Q

What is the most common fungal infection of the claw in cats?

A

Microsporum canis

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7
Q

Besides atopy, what is a primary differential for Malassezia paronychia in cats?

A

Paraneoplastic (pancreatic adenocarcinoma)

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8
Q

What breeds are predisposed to SLO?

A

GSD, Gordon Setter

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9
Q

What alleles are associated with the genetic predisposition to SLO in Gordon Setters?

A

DLA Class II

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10
Q

What breeds are predisposed to idiopathic onychomadesis?

A

GSD, Whippet, English Springer Spaniel

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11
Q

What is the most common tumor affecting the claws in cats?

A

SCC (followed by FSA, adenocarcinoma)

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12
Q

What is the most common tumor affecting the claw in dogs?

A

SCC (followed by STS, MCT)

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13
Q

What type of tumor may metastasize to the digits in cats?

A

Pulmonary adenocarcinoma

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14
Q

What is the MST for cats with lung-digit syndrome?

A

67 days

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15
Q

What is the term for the junction between the skin and the hoof?

A

Coronet

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16
Q

What part of the equine foot pad contacts the ground?

A

Frog

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17
Q

What layer makes up the bulk of the hoof wall?

A

Stratum medium/coronary epidermis

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18
Q

What does the periople cover?

A

Coronary band

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19
Q

What connects the basement membrane of the hoof to the periosteum of the distal phalanx?

A

Corium

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20
Q

What type of bonds in the hoof wall allow for its physical strength?

A

Disulfide bonds

21
Q

How long does it take for the hoof to grow from coronary band to ground surface?

A

8 months

22
Q

What are the 3 layers of the hoof capsule wall?

A

Stratum externum (outermost)
Stratum medium
Stratum internum

23
Q

What MMPs are present in normal hoof wall lamellae?

A

MMP-2 and 9

24
Q

Which feet are usually affected in laminitis?

A

Front

25
Q

What would be the benefit of using acepromazine or nitroglycerin in laminitis?

A

Increased blood flow to hoof

26
Q

What part of the hoof is typically affected by canker?

A

Frog and sole

27
Q

What part of the hoof is typically affected by thrush?

A

Primarily frog

28
Q

Is thrush or canker more likely to cause lameness?

A

Canker

29
Q

What is the most common tumor of the equine foot?

A

Sarcoid

30
Q

What anchors the hoof wall to the underlying bone?

A

Lamellar corium

31
Q

What is the effect of grain on hoof wall growth?

A

High grain=faster growth

32
Q

True or false: male and female animals have horns

A

True

33
Q

True or false: male and female animals have antlers

A

False, only males (exception: caribou)

34
Q

Name 3 functions of horns

A

Organism defense
Social signaling
Thermoregulation

35
Q

At what age does the cornual process of the horn become hollow?

A

6 months (so need to de-horn before that)

36
Q

Which species have horns in a parietal position?

A

Sheep and goats

37
Q

Which species have horns in a frontal position?

A

Cattle

38
Q

What is an antler covered in while it is actively growing?

A

Velvet (nutrient and O2 supply)

39
Q

What is the central stalk/feather shaft called?

A

Calamus

40
Q

What is the term for the point at which the barbs on a feather emerge?

A

Rachis

41
Q

What is the rhamphotheca?

A

Beak

42
Q

What is the rhinotheca?

A

The sheath covering the maxilla

43
Q

What is the gnathotheca?

A

The sheath covering the mandible

44
Q

What are the 5 regions of the hoof capsule?

A

Periople
Wall
White line
Sole
Frog

45
Q

What makes the the frog, white line, and periople more elastic than the hoof wall?

A

Fewer disulfide bonds

46
Q

What part of the hoof epidermis is responsible for its mechanical strength and stiffness?

A

Intertubular horn

47
Q

What type of keratin is expressed by the basal cells between epidermal and dermal lamellae in the hoof?

A

K14

48
Q

What is the rate of claw growth?

A

0.7-2.1 mm per week

MK ACVD Exam (18 decks)

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