Classification and Evolution - 4 Flashcards
What are the 5 kingdoms
Prokaryotes
Protoctista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
What are the 3 domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukaryotes
Which two groups are used in the binomial naming system
Genus
Species
What are the advantages of using the binomial naming system
Recognised world wide
Know which genus/species it belongs to
Why is the 3 domain classification system better than the 5 kingdom system
Classifies species that are more closely related together
There are many key differences between the other 4 kingdoms
Bacteria and archaea have different cell organelles
Bacteria and archaea are more different than we thought
How does DNA show that species have evolved
Samples from two species sequence similarity can imply an evolutionary difference, which implies evolutionary distance
How does cytochrome C indicate evolution
Same protein from two species primary structure similarity implies evolutionary distance
What is interspecific variation
Variation between species
What is intraspecific variation
Variation within species
What is continuous variation
Two extreme values
Full range of values
Most individuals are close to the mean
Influenced by the environment and can be controlled by a genetic component
What is discontinuous data
Two distinct categories
No intermediate values
Caused by genetics only
Controlled by very few genes
What are the 3 types of adaptations
Behavioural
Physiological
Anatomical
What are placental mammals
Long gestation
Develop a placenta
Young born well developed
What are marsupial mammals
Short gestation
Don’t develop a full placenta
Born early
How does evolution occur
There is genetic variation within a population
A selection pressure creates competition for survival
Some individuals posses favourable characteristics, meaning they are better adapted to the environment
Individuals with favourable characteristics survive longer and produce more offspring
The possessors of the favourable alleles/characteristics will pass
the favourable alleles on to some of their offspring.
This is repeated over many generations and the favourable
alleles/characteristics become more common in the population
