classification and evoloution Flashcards
modern classification hierachy
- domain
- kingdom
- phylum
- class
- order
- family
- genus
- species
domain
highest taxonomic rank, there are three domains, archaea, eubacteria ,and eukaryote
kingdom
5 main kingdoms, plantae, animalia, fungi, and protocista are all eukaryotes, which possess a nucleus, all that do not possess a nucleus are grouped into the kingdom prokaryotae
phylum
major subdivision of kingdom, contains all the groups of organisms with similar body plans
class
group of organisms that all possess the same general traits
order
subdivision of class, uses additional info about the organisms (e.g. carnivora and herbivora)
family
group of closely related genera (e.g. within carvinora the cat family and dog family)
genus
group of closely related species
species
basic unit of classification, all members of a species show some variations, but are essentially the same
binomial naming system
use of the genus name and species name to refer to organism, simplifies identification (before this system scientists used common names or long descriptive names), also makes identification universal
prokaryotae
- no nucleus
- loop of DNA, not arranged in linear chromosomes
- naked DNA
- no membrane bound organelles
-small
protocista
- eukaryotic
- mainly single celled
- show a wide variety of forms
- mainly free living
- autotrophic or heterotrophic
- plant like and animal like features
fungi
- eukaryotic
- can be single celled
- cell walls made of chitin
- cytoplasm is multinucleate
- mainly free living and saprophytic (cause decay)
plantae
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- cells surrounded by cellulose wall
- autotrophic
- contain chlorophyll
animalia
- eukaryotic
- multicellular
- heterotrophic
- usually able to move around
