biodiversity

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

a measure of all the different plant, animal, and fungus ( and other micro organisms) and the genes they contain in the ecosystems they take part in

Question 2

habitat biodiversity

Answer 2

habitat = place where individuals of a species live

each habitat will be occupied by a range of organisms

Question 3

species biodiversity

Answer 3

species= individual organisms that are very similar, to a point where they can interbreed to form fertile offspring

the range of organisms found in an habitat contributes to the species diversity

two habitats can have an equal number of species but not be equally diverse, one or two species can dominate a habitat reducing the diversity

Question 4

genetic biodiversity

Answer 4

variation between individuals belonging to the same species, genetic variation creates breeds within a species (dogs)

Question 5

why use samples to measure biodiversity

Answer 5

to find the biodiversity of a habitat you need to observe all the species present, identify them, and count how many individuals of each species there are, practically impossible so samples are used and applied to the whole habitat

Question 6

random sampling

Answer 6

sample sites are randomly selected (through number generator or numbers through hat (numbers allocated to sample sites))
+ ensures data isn’t bias
-may not cover all areas of a habitat equally

Question 6

systematic sampling

Answer 6

samples are taken at fixed intervals across the habitat (Line transects and belt transects)
+ useful when habitat shows a clear gradient
+ less bias
-only the species on the line or belt can be recorded, leading to underestimate

Question 6

opportunistic sampling

Answer 6

researcher makes sampling decisions based on knowledge or area, may deliberately sample an area where a specific sample is
+easier and quicker than random
-biased data

Question 7

stratified sampling

Answer 7

dividing habitat into areas that appear different and then sampling each area
+ ensures all different areas of a habitat are sampled
-data may be biased by presence of larger colourful species

Question 8

sampling tools for animals

Answer 8

• sweep nets
• pooter
• pitfall trap
• tullgren funnel

Question 9

sampling tools for plants

Answer 9

• belt transect
• line transect
• quadrant
• (point frame)

Question 10

estimating biodiversity

Answer 10

you must consider species richness and species evenness

Question 11

species richness

Answer 11

number of species found in a habitat, the more species present the richer the habitat

Question 12

species evenness

Answer 12

relative number of abundance of individuals in each species, a habitat where these numbers of abundance are even is more diverse than one who is outnumbered by one species

Question 13

Simpson’s index of diversity

Answer 13

D= 1 - (∑(n/N)²)

n= number of individuals of a particular species
N= total number of all individuals of all species
(D= diversity)