Classification Flashcards
Name three benefits of a binomial naming system
Unambiguous naming
In latin and so can be understood all over the world
implies two species sharing a genus are similar
What are the three domains
Archaea
Eubacteria
Eukaryota
How are organisms sorted into domains
Biochemical analysis shows a distinct pattern of rRNA showing close evolutionary lines
What are thermophile bacteria
Bacteria who thrive at high tmepertatures
What are acidophile bacteria
Bacteria who thrive in low pH
What are halophile bacteria
Bacteria who thrive in salty environments
What are barophile bactera
Bacteria who thrive at high pressures
Define a species
A group of organisms that can interbreed undre natural conditions and produce fertile offspring
Define a phylum
A sub-group of a kingdom. Members of the same phylum have the same distinct body plan.
Define a genus
A taxon containing species with many similarities but enough differences so they cannot produce fertile offspring with each other
Name the five kingdoms
Plantae Fungi Animalia Prokaryota Protoctista
Describe prokaryota
No nucleus, 70s ribosomes, murein cell wall
Describe protoctista
Eukaryotic, single/multicellular, 80s ribosomes,
Describe plantae
Eukaryotic, cellulose cell wall, organelles
Describe fungi
Eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes, chitin cell wall, large vacuole
Describe animalia
Eukaryotic, 80s ribosomes. nervous co-ordination, multicellular
What is cyanobacteria
Blue/green algae that are microscopic and photosynthetic with the ability to remove nitrogen from the air
Describe genetic fingerprinting
Samples of DNA can be isolated from an organism and amplified using PCR and compared to known samples
Describe gel elctrophoresis
Separates DNA fragments of different sizes over a gel surface
Describe DNA hybridisation
Extract DNA from two species and cut into fragments. Mix them and the more complimentary base pairs, the more similar the organism
Describe immunology
Mix antigens of one species with antibodies of another they make a precipitate. The more precipitate the more similar the two species
What are homologous structures
have a similar arrangement of a component but different functions
What are analogous structures
Have similar components with the same function but different origins
What is divergent evolution
a common ancestral structure evolves to perform different functions
What is convergent evolution
structures evolve similar properties but different developmental origins
What is a pentadactyl limb
A limb with five digits
What is sexual dimorphism
two animals of the same species with morphological differences between the males and females
What is the order of the taxons in classification
Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species
