Cells

Question 1

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes

Answer 1

Eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles
Prokaryotes are much smaller
Prokaryotes have free moving unbound organelles

Question 2

Describe the structure of a mitochondria

Answer 2

They have an outer membrane and a very curved inner membrane to create a greater surface area. They have their own DNA and 70s ribosomes.

Question 3

Describe the structure of a chloroplast

Answer 3

They have a double membrane, and contain their own DNA and 70s ribosomes. They contain starch grains for energy, and chlorophyll is found in thylakoids. The thylakoids are stacked into granums.

Question 4

What is endosymbiosis and what evidence for it is there

Answer 4

The theory that eukaryotes organelles originated from prokaryotes. It is believed a large prokaryotes engulfed a smaller prokaryotes and that became an organelle. The evidence for this is that mitochondria and chloroplasts have different DNA from the rest of the cell and so suggests they originated somewhere outside the cell

Question 5

What is a mitochondrion

Answer 5

Produces ATP from aerobic respiration

Question 6

What is the smooth ER

Answer 6

Involved in the synthesis and transport of lipids

Question 7

What is the rough ER

Answer 7

Involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins

Question 8

What is a ribosome

Answer 8

Site of protein synthesis

Question 9

What is the Golgi body

Answer 9

Completes the production of enzymes and proteins and produces secretory vesicles for exocytosis

Question 10

What is a lysosome

Answer 10

Contains powerful enzymes that can fight pathogens or recycle organelles

Question 11

What is a centriole

Answer 11

During cell division, centriole organise the microtubules that support the cell

Question 12

What is a chloroplast

Answer 12

Contains chlorophyll which traps light energy for photosynthesis

Question 13

What is a vacuole

Answer 13

Used for storage and for upholding the structure of the cell

Question 14

What is the nucleus

Answer 14

Contains DNA which controls all cell processes

Question 15

What is chromatin

Answer 15

Condenses to form chromosomes in cell division

Question 16

What is the nuclear envelope

Answer 16

A double membrane surrounding the nucleus

Question 17

What is the nucleolus

Answer 17

The site of ribosome production

Question 18

What is a plasmodesmata

Answer 18

The site in a plant cell wall where there is no cellulose so a strand of cytoplasm from one cell can link with another

Question 19

What are flagella

Answer 19

Responsible for the movement of prokaryotes

Question 20

What is a bacteria cell wall made of

Answer 20

murein (polysaccharide)

Question 21

What is a plasmid

Answer 21

Circular DNA which replicate independently

Question 22

What is the capsule

Answer 22

A gummy layer around bacteria which helps it colonise

Question 23

How do prokaryotes photosynthesise without chloroplasts

Answer 23

they have a photosynthetic membrane

Question 24

What are microvilli

Answer 24

They increase the surface area of a cell for better absorption and secretion

Question 25

What is the cytoskeleton made of

Answer 25

Filaments, microtubules and actin

Question 26

What are protoctistas

Answer 26

Usually single-celled organisms that are simple eukaryotes because they have simple organelles

Question 27

What word can be used to describe virus’

Answer 27

Acellular

Question 28

What are virus’s known as outside a cell

Answer 28

virions

Question 29

Properties of virus’

Answer 29

No organelles
either DNA or RNA not both
Not perceived to be alive