classical conditioning

Question 1

what is an unconditioned stimulus and example UCS

Answer 1

any stimulus that produces a natural unlearnt response e.g., food.

Question 2

what is a neutral stimulus and examaple

Answer 2

a thing which is not associated with the unconditioned response e.g., bell- any environmental stimulus that does not naturally produce a behavioural response

Question 3

unconditioned response and example

Answer 3

any response that occurs naturally without learning e.g., salivating to food

Question 4

conditioned stimulus and example

Answer 4

a new stimulus that has been assocaited with a UCS so now produces the same response on its own

Question 5

conditioned response

Answer 5

behaviour elicted by the conditioned stimulus

Question 6

before conditioning

Answer 6

bell(NS) —-> no response
food(US)—->salivation (UCR)

Question 7

During

Answer 7

bell (NS)+ food(UCS)—-> salivation (UCR)

Question 8

after

Answer 8

bell (CS) —-> salivation (CR)

Question 9

what are the 5 features of CC

Answer 9

extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalisation
discrimination
one trial learning

Question 10

what is extinction

Answer 10

if conditioned stimulus (bell) is continuously presented without unconditioned stimulus (food) conditioned response gradually dies out and extinguishes

Question 11

what is spontaneous recovery

Answer 11

If a conditioned response is not reinforced, it becomes extinguished. But after period of rest the response may reappear

Question 12

generalisation

Answer 12

Extension of the conditioned response from the original stimulus to similar stimuli

Question 13

discrimination

Answer 13

The conditioned response is produced only by presentation of the original stimulus it does not extend to similar stimuli.

Question 14

one trial learning

Answer 14

when conditioning occurs immediately after one trial only

Question 15

what was the aim of watson and rayners CC 1

Answer 15

To see if it is possible to induce a fear of a previously neutral stimulus

Question 16

aim w+r 2

Answer 16

To see if the fear will be transferred to other similar objects

Question 17

aim w+r 3

Answer 17

• To see what effect time has on the fear response

Question 18

aim w+r 4

Answer 18

To see how possible, it is to remove the fear response in the laboratory

Question 19

hypothesis w+r

Answer 19

a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus (in this case, a white rat) by pairing it with a loud sound.

Question 20

where did the experiment take place

Answer 20

a lab

Question 21

who was the sample based on

Answer 21

albert little

Question 22

how old was he at the beginning

Answer 22

9 months

Question 23

what was he known to be like

Answer 23

emotionally stable and never seemed to cry or be in a state of fear or rage

Question 24

what was controlled in w+r

Answer 24

same lighting ‘well lit- dark room’
location
presentation of same furry objects
same blocks given after every experiment

Question 25

iv w+r

Answer 25

stimulus presented to Little Albert

Question 26

dv w+r

Answer 26

response of Little Albert

Question 27

procedure and conclusion learn

Answer 27

.