classical conditioning Flashcards
what is an unconditioned stimulus and example UCS
any stimulus that produces a natural unlearnt response e.g., food.
what is a neutral stimulus and examaple
a thing which is not associated with the unconditioned response e.g., bell- any environmental stimulus that does not naturally produce a behavioural response
unconditioned response and example
any response that occurs naturally without learning e.g., salivating to food
conditioned stimulus and example
a new stimulus that has been assocaited with a UCS so now produces the same response on its own
conditioned response
behaviour elicted by the conditioned stimulus
before conditioning
bell(NS) —-> no response
food(US)—->salivation (UCR)
During
bell (NS)+ food(UCS)—-> salivation (UCR)
after
bell (CS) —-> salivation (CR)
what are the 5 features of CC
extinction
spontaneous recovery
generalisation
discrimination
one trial learning
what is extinction
if conditioned stimulus (bell) is continuously presented without unconditioned stimulus (food) conditioned response gradually dies out and extinguishes
what is spontaneous recovery
If a conditioned response is not reinforced, it becomes extinguished. But after period of rest the response may reappear
generalisation
Extension of the conditioned response from the original stimulus to similar stimuli
discrimination
The conditioned response is produced only by presentation of the original stimulus it does not extend to similar stimuli.
one trial learning
when conditioning occurs immediately after one trial only
what was the aim of watson and rayners CC 1
To see if it is possible to induce a fear of a previously neutral stimulus
aim w+r 2
To see if the fear will be transferred to other similar objects
aim w+r 3
- To see what effect time has on the fear response
aim w+r 4
To see how possible, it is to remove the fear response in the laboratory
hypothesis w+r
a child could be conditioned to fear a previously neutral stimulus (in this case, a white rat) by pairing it with a loud sound.
where did the experiment take place
a lab
who was the sample based on
albert little
how old was he at the beginning
9 months
what was he known to be like
emotionally stable and never seemed to cry or be in a state of fear or rage
what was controlled in w+r
same lighting ‘well lit- dark room’
location
presentation of same furry objects
same blocks given after every experiment
iv w+r
stimulus presented to Little Albert
dv w+r
response of Little Albert
procedure and conclusion learn
.
